Search citation statements
Paper Sections
Citation Types
Year Published
Publication Types
Relationship
Authors
Journals
Dispersal, defined as any movement of an individual over various spatial scales that may contribute to gene flow, is an essential component of species ecology. It provides a mechanism that allows organisms to track optimal environmental conditions, regulate population density and interactions with conspecifics, and colonise new areas. Dispersal ability varies widely among individuals, and this variation has been strongly linked to a suite of physiological, morphological, and behavioural traits that together constitute a dispersal syndrome. The evolution of dispersal-related traits can occur not only by natural selection, but also by spatial sorting, where individuals that have traits facilitating their dispersal accumulate at range edges and are limited proximally to mating with other dispersive individuals. The relationships among traits constituting the dispersal syndrome, their dynamics with age, and evolution under spatial selection on dispersal have not been comprehensively explored. Furthermore, integrating evolution into the study of dispersal is imperative to understand the mechanisms that select or constrain the evolution of dispersalrelated traits. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate a suite of physiological, morphological, and movement behaviour traits associated with the dispersal syndrome using a model system: laboratory dispersal apparatuses and Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle).The research presented in this thesis focused on the following traits: body size, locomotor apparatus size, metabolic rate, spontaneous activity, and movement behaviour in a maze (including speed, path length, displacement distance, and behavioural intermittence). The first specific aim was to determine how the onset of sexual maturity and age throughout early life affects dispersal-related traits (Chapter 2). I found that prior to sexual maturity, T. castaneum have low metabolic rate and moved significantly less than mature ones. The low energy expenditure was attributable to reduced energy demand and inactivity, which was hypothesised to be a protective mechanism while the cuticle is undergoing sclerotisation.The second specific aim was to determine the relationships among metabolic rate, body size, relative leg length and different movement behaviour traits (Chapter 3). A dominant axis of movement ability described variation in several movement traits and was positively related to relative leg length, but unrelated to body size or metabolic rate. A mechanistic relationship ii between stride length and movement ability is therefore likely. The data suggested that the dispersal syndrome may be more strongly tied to morphology rather than physiology.The third specific aim was to investigate the dispersal rate of T. castaneum through threepatch dispersal apparatuses to determine which design would be most effective for artificial selection on the basis of dispersal success (Chapter 4). The distance and slope of the tubing that connected between patches significantly affected dispersal rate, therefo...
Dispersal, defined as any movement of an individual over various spatial scales that may contribute to gene flow, is an essential component of species ecology. It provides a mechanism that allows organisms to track optimal environmental conditions, regulate population density and interactions with conspecifics, and colonise new areas. Dispersal ability varies widely among individuals, and this variation has been strongly linked to a suite of physiological, morphological, and behavioural traits that together constitute a dispersal syndrome. The evolution of dispersal-related traits can occur not only by natural selection, but also by spatial sorting, where individuals that have traits facilitating their dispersal accumulate at range edges and are limited proximally to mating with other dispersive individuals. The relationships among traits constituting the dispersal syndrome, their dynamics with age, and evolution under spatial selection on dispersal have not been comprehensively explored. Furthermore, integrating evolution into the study of dispersal is imperative to understand the mechanisms that select or constrain the evolution of dispersalrelated traits. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate a suite of physiological, morphological, and movement behaviour traits associated with the dispersal syndrome using a model system: laboratory dispersal apparatuses and Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle).The research presented in this thesis focused on the following traits: body size, locomotor apparatus size, metabolic rate, spontaneous activity, and movement behaviour in a maze (including speed, path length, displacement distance, and behavioural intermittence). The first specific aim was to determine how the onset of sexual maturity and age throughout early life affects dispersal-related traits (Chapter 2). I found that prior to sexual maturity, T. castaneum have low metabolic rate and moved significantly less than mature ones. The low energy expenditure was attributable to reduced energy demand and inactivity, which was hypothesised to be a protective mechanism while the cuticle is undergoing sclerotisation.The second specific aim was to determine the relationships among metabolic rate, body size, relative leg length and different movement behaviour traits (Chapter 3). A dominant axis of movement ability described variation in several movement traits and was positively related to relative leg length, but unrelated to body size or metabolic rate. A mechanistic relationship ii between stride length and movement ability is therefore likely. The data suggested that the dispersal syndrome may be more strongly tied to morphology rather than physiology.The third specific aim was to investigate the dispersal rate of T. castaneum through threepatch dispersal apparatuses to determine which design would be most effective for artificial selection on the basis of dispersal success (Chapter 4). The distance and slope of the tubing that connected between patches significantly affected dispersal rate, therefo...
The “pace‐of‐life” syndrome (POLS) framework can encompass multiple personality axes that drive important functional behaviors (e.g., foraging behavior) and that co‐vary with multiple life history traits. Food hoarding is an adaptive behavior important for an animal's ability to adapt to seasonal fluctuations in food availability. However, the empirical evidence for the relationships between animal personality and hoarding behavior remains unclear, including its fitness consequences in the POLS framework. In this study, the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus), a social rodent, was used as a model system to investigate how boldness or shyness is associated with food hoarding strategies during the food hoarding season and their impact on over‐winter survival and reproduction at both individual and group levels. The results of this study showed that, compared with shy gerbils, bold gerbils had a lower effort foraging strategy during the food hoarding season and exhibited lower over‐winter survival rates. However, bold–shy personality differences had no effect on over‐winter reproduction. These findings suggest that the personality is a crucial factor influencing the foraging strategy during the food hoarding season in Mongolian gerbils. Personality may be related to energy states or the reaction to environmental changes (e.g., predation risk and food availability) in bold or shy social animals. These results reflect animal life history trade‐offs between current versus future reproduction and reproduction versus self‐maintenance, thereby helping Mongolian gerbils in adapting to seasonal fluctuations in their habitat.
Animal personalities are an important factor that affects the dispersal of animals. In the context of aquatic species, dispersal modeling needs to consider that most freshwater ecosystems are highly fragmented by barriers reducing longitudinal connectivity. Previous research has incorporated such barriers into dispersal models under the neutral assumption that all migrating animals attempt to ascend at all times. Modeling dispersal of animals that do not perform trophic or reproductive migrations will be more realistic if it includes assumptions of which individuals attempt to overcome a barrier. We aimed to introduce personality into predictive modeling of whether a nonmigratory invasive freshwater fish (the round goby, Neogobius melanostomus) will disperse across an in‐stream barrier. To that end, we experimentally assayed the personalities of 259 individuals from invasion fronts and established round goby populations. Based on the population differences in boldness, asociability, and activity, we defined a priori thresholds with bolder, more asocial, and more active individuals having a higher likelihood of ascent. We then combined the personality thresholds with swimming speed data from the literature and in situ measurements of flow velocities in the barrier. The resulting binary logistic regression model revealed probabilities of crossing a barrier which depended not only on water flow and fish swimming speed but also on animal personalities. We conclude that risk assessment through predictive dispersal modeling across fragmented landscapes can be advanced by including personality traits as parameters. The inclusion of behavior into modeling the spread of invasive species can help to improve the accuracy of risk assessments.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.