To act truthfully: Nonverbal behaviour and strategies during a police interrogation

Strömwall, Leif A.; Hartwig, Maria; Granhag, Pär Anders

doi:10.1080/10683160512331331328

Cited by 142 publications

(146 citation statements)

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“…We predict that truth tellers and liars will both be engaged in impression management (entailing the suppression of undesirable negative emotions and nervousness in favor of stereotypically honest, calm and collected behavior), but that that they will differ in the extent to which they will engage in information management (Hypothesis 1). In line with previous research on mock suspects' reasoning, we predict that guilty suspects will be more likely than innocent suspects to approach questioning armed with an explicit strategy (Hypothesis 2; Strömwall et al, 2006). In line with theory on the belief in a just world, we predict that innocent suspects will have a more positive outcome expectation, the manifestation of which will be seen in more pronounced beliefs that their statement will be perceived to be credible (Hypothesis 3).…”

Section: Research On Suspects' Reasoning and Strategiessupporting

confidence: 71%

“…In a series of studies, innocent mock crime suspects have been found to operate on the notion that the truth is good enough, and if they simply provide an account of what happened, they will be exonerated (Hartwig, Granhag & Strömwall, 2007;Strömwall, Hartwig & Granhag, 2006). Additionally, such findings on innocent suspects' self-reported strategies of forthcomingness is mirrored and expanded upon by recent research on innocent people's behavioral choice in mock crime investigations.…”

Section: Research On Suspects' Reasoning and Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…In a study where mock suspects were interviewed by experienced detectives, innocent and guilty participants were indistinguishable in terms of overt demeanor, but displayed large differences in their self-reported strategies to accomplish the goal of convincing the interrogator of their innocence (Strömwall, Hartwig & Granhag, 2006). Guilty suspects reported employing a variety of strategies to be believed.…”

Section: Research On Suspects' Reasoning and Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impression and Information Management: On the Strategic Self- Regulation of Innocent and Guilty Suspects

Hartwig¹,

Granhag²,

Strömwall³

et al. 2010

TOCRIJ

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Abstract:The aim of this study was to increase understanding of the psychology of deception by mapping the reasoning of guilty and innocent mock suspects who deny a transgression. Based on previous research, we proposed that suspects will engage in two major forms of regulation: impression management, which requires the purposeful control of nonverbal and demeanor cues; and information management which involves the regulation and manipulation of speech content to provide a statement of denial. We predicted that truth tellers and liars would both be engaged in impression management, but that that they would differ in the extent to which they will engage in information management. The results supported this prediction: liars and truth tellers reported planning demeanor to the same extent, but differed in the extent to which they reported planning the content of their statement. Self-reported strategies regarding nonverbal behavior were similar for liars and truth tellers, while strategies regarding information differed markedly.

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Section: Research On Suspects' Reasoning and Strategiessupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Research On Suspects' Reasoning and Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Research On Suspects' Reasoning and Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impression and Information Management: On the Strategic Self- Regulation of Innocent and Guilty Suspects

Hartwig¹,

Granhag²,

Strömwall³

et al. 2010

TOCRIJ

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“…In numerous studies, participants have reported that telling a lie is more cognitive demanding than telling the truth (Granhag & Stromwall, 2002;Stromwall, Hartwig, & Granhag, 2006;Vrij, Edward & Bull;2001;Vrij et al, 2006b;Vrij et al, 1996). These reports support the notion that lying requires more cognitive resources than truth-telling and that individuals are aware of increased cognitive demands that accompany deception.…”

Section: Deception and Cognitive Loadsupporting

confidence: 67%

The Effect of Cognitive Load on Deception

Patterson¹

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“…Given the importance, it is surprising that truth tellers' and liars' strategies to appear credible in an interview have been understudied for a long time (DePaulo, Lindsay, Malone, Muhlenbruck, Charlton, & Cooper, 2003). However, DePaulo et al's (2003) plea for research into this area has resulted in several studies (Colwell, Hiscock-Anisman, Memon, Woods, & Michlik, 2006;Granhag & Strömwall, 2002;Strömwall, Granhag, & Landström, 2007;Strömwall, Hartwig, & Granhag, 2006). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting into the Minds of Pairs of Liars and Truth Tellers: An Examination of Their Strategies

Vrij¹,

Mann²,

Leal³

et al. 2010

TOCRIJ

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Abstract:We examined the strategies used by 20 pairs of liars and 20 pairs of truth tellers when they were given the opportunity to prepare themselves for an interview in which they would be questioned about their whereabouts during a given period of time. More lying than truth telling pairs prepared themselves for the interviews. The truth tellers and liars who did prepare themselves used different verbal strategies but the same nonverbal strategies. Regarding verbal strategies, truth tellers were predominantly concerned with telling everything they could remember. In contrast, liars thought of answers they could give to possible questions but also decided to be vague so that they would not contradict each other. Regarding nonverbal strategies, both truth tellers and liars tried to suppress nervous behaviours. These findings explain why truth tellers are typically more detailed than liars but also why liars are typically equally consistent as truth tellers, at least when answering questions they have anticipated. Implications for interview techniques to detect deceit are discussed.Keywords: liars' and truth tellers verbal ane nonverbal strategies, lie detection.In their attempts to detect lies it will benefit criminal investigators to obtain insight into how truth tellers and liars prepare themselves for their interviews . This insight could predict what truth tellers and liars say and how they behave during an interview, and criminal investigators could use this insight to develop effective theory-based lie detection protocols. Given the importance, it is surprising that truth tellers' and liars' strategies to appear credible in an interview have been understudied for a long time (DePaulo, Lindsay, Malone, Muhlenbruck, Charlton, & Cooper, 2003). However, DePaulo et al.'s (2003) plea for research into this area has resulted in several studies (Colwell, Hiscock-Anisman, Memon, Woods, & Michlik, 2006;Granhag & Strömwall, 2002;Strömwall, Granhag, & Landström, 2007;Strömwall, Hartwig, & Granhag, 2006).The present strategies study differed from the previous studies in two important ways. First, previous studies concentrated on the strategies developed by individual truth tellers and liars whereas we focused on pairs of truth tellers and pairs of liars. We believe that this reflects an important aspect of real life, because criminals often work in groups or networks rather than alone. Second, after being interviewed, we asked the truth tellers and liars whether there were awkward moments during the interview that could have jeopardised their credibility. In theory, truth tellers and liars face the same task during the interview: They both need to convince an interviewer that they are innocent Hartwig, Granhag, Strömwall, Wolf, Vrij, Roos af Hjelmsater, 2008). However, when pairs of truth tellers and pairs of liars are given the opportunity to prepare themselves for an interview, they are likely to react differently. Pairs of liars will realise that it is crucial to plan and discuss together the facts of their fabric...

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To act truthfully: Nonverbal behaviour and strategies during a police interrogation

Cited by 142 publications

References 15 publications

Impression and Information Management: On the Strategic Self- Regulation of Innocent and Guilty Suspects

Impression and Information Management: On the Strategic Self- Regulation of Innocent and Guilty Suspects

The Effect of Cognitive Load on Deception

Getting into the Minds of Pairs of Liars and Truth Tellers: An Examination of Their Strategies

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