TNF-α inhibition using etanercept prevents noise-induced hearing loss by improvement of cochlear blood flow in vivo

Abstract

TNF-α inhibition using etanercept improves cochlear microcirculation and protects hearing levels after loud noise exposure and appears as a promising treatment strategy for human NIHL.

Betahistine metabolites, Aminoethylpyridine, and Hydroxyethylpyridine increase cochlear blood flow in guinea pigsin vivo

“…It has been shown that cochlear function and cochlear microcirculation are closely related Arpornchayanon et al, 2013). Moreover, the fact that the cochlea is a circulatorily privileged organ with a strong autoregulation of its blood fl ow (Kawakami et al, 1991;Brown & Nuttall, 1994) suggests that the effects observed are specifi c to the cochlea, thus rendering this the most likely mode of action of betahistine in M é ni è re ' s disease.…”

Targeting vascular (endothelial) dysfunction

“…The Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study indicates that environmental stress, e.g. air pollution and traffic noise, are independently associated with atherosclerosis (Arpornchayanon et al , ). In summary, environmental factors affect endothelial (vascular) function and are now considered to be novel risk factors for cardiovascular disease (see Figure ).…”

Biological Effect Tetra-Branched Anti-TNF-Peptide and Coating Ratio-Dependent Penetration of the Peptide-Conjugated Cerium3/4+ Cation-Stabilized Gamma-Maghemite Nanoparticles into Rat Inner Ear after Transtympanic Injection Visualized By MRI

“…CAN-γ-Fe 2 O 3 NPs: Super-paramagnetic maghemite (γ-Fe 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN)-mediated oxidation of starting magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles; HUVECs: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss [7][8][9]. However, antibodies against TNF-α have too large molecular weight to access the therapeutic target.…”