“…Preformed molecules stored in MC secretory granules include histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, proteases (chymase, carboxypeptidase, tryptase), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (Olszewski et al, 2007), which also participates in T-cell activation (Nakae et al, 2005;Kempuraj et al, 2008). MCs also release other proinflammatory and neurosensitizing molecules such as newly synthesized leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and platelet-activating factor as well as many cytokines (IL-6, IL-9, IL-13, TNF) and chemokines (CXCL8, CCL2, CCL5) (Theoharides et al, 2015c).…”