TLR4 and TLR21 expression, MIF, IFN-β, MD-2, CD14 activation, and sIgA production in chickens administered with EFAL41 strain challenged with Campylobacter jejuni

Abstract

The protective effect of Enterococcus faecium EFAL41 on chicken's caecum in relation to the TLR (TLR4 and TLR21) activation and production of luminal IgA challenged with Campylobacter jejuni CCM6191 was assessed. The activation of MIF, IFN-β, MD-2 and CD14 was followed-up after bacterial infection. Day-old chicks (40) were divided into four groups (n = 10): control (C), E. faecium AL41 (EFAL41), C. jejuni (CJ) and combined E. faecium AL41+C. jejuni (EFAL41+CJ). Relative mRNA expression of TLR4, TLR21 and CD14 was upregulated in the probiotic strain and infected (combined) group on day 4 and 7 post infection (p.i.). The caecal relative MD-2 mRNA expression was upregulated on day 4 p.i. in the EFAL41+CJ and CJ groups. MIF and IFN-β reached the highest levels in the combined groups on day 7 p.i. The concentration of the sIgA in intestinal flush was upregulated in EFAL41+CJ group on day 4 p.i. The results demonstrated that E. faecium EFAL41 probiotic strain can modulate the TLRs expression and modify the activation of MIF, IFN-β, MD-2 and CD14 molecules in the chickens caecum challenged with C. jejuni CCM 6191. The counts of EFAL41 were sufficient and high, similarly the counts of enterococci in both, caecum and faeces but without reduction of Campylobacter counts.

Coadministration of the Campylobacter jejuni N-Glycan-Based Vaccine with Probiotics Improves Vaccine Performance in Broiler Chickens

“…Alternatively, A. mobilis and also, to some extent, L. reuteri CSF8 may have direct immunostimulatory properties, acting as vaccine adjuvants to enhance the antigen-specific immune response, an effect that was described previously for various vaccines in combination with Lactobacillus species in animal and human trials (51). Similar studies demonstrated that C. jejuni infection in combination with the administration of Enterococcus faecium probiotic strain AL41 resulted in the upregulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/MD2, which conferred responsiveness to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and to C. jejuni (52,53), enhanced migration inhibition factor (MIF) and beta interferon (IFN-␤) production, and prolonged activation of TLR21 compared to C. jejuni alone (53,54). In future studies, we also plan to examine the expressions levels of immunoglobulin and Toll-like receptors in bird serum samples by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR).…”

Two strains of probiotic Lactobacillus enhance immune response and promote naive T cell polarization to Th1

“…sIgA is an immune barrier that prevents toxins and intestinal pathogens from adhering to and penetrating the intestinal epithelium. sIgA inhibits allergens and pathogenic microorganisms and is the most important antibody for mucosal immunity in the body (Hodgkinson et al, 2017;Karaffová et al, 2017). In this study, sIgA content increased, indicating that the increase in sIgA content by two strains of Lactobacillus confers intestinal protection against pathogenic bacteria invasion.…”

In vivo Model Experiment Using Laying Hens Treated with Enterococcus faecium EM41 from Ostrich Faeces and its Enterocin EM41

“…88% ± 0.9 after Ent M application; so far this is even the highest stimulation of PA influenced by enterocins (33). Karaffová et al (24) reported modulation of TLR4, TLR21 expression and activation of MIF, IFN-β, MD-2 and CD14 in the caecum of chickens after oral administration of E. faecium AL41 to chickens and their infection with Campylobacter jejuni CCM6191. It could be stated that continuous preventive application of E. faecium AL41 during change of breeding or post hatching, for example, may stimulate the immune system of chickens.…”