TLC densitometric analysis of triple antibiotic therapy; Erythromycin, Sulfadiazine and Trimethoprim in different edible chicken tissues

Quantitative analysis of erythromycin, its major metabolite and clarithromycin in chicken tissues and eggs via QuEChERS extraction coupled with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

“…Various analytical methods, including HPLC–MS/MS ( Campanharo et al, 2023 ), HPLC with UV diode array detection (DAD) ( Cañadas et al, 2022 ), electrochemical sensors ( Lai et al, 2023 , Li et al, 2022 ), TLC densitometric methods ( Sharkawi et al, 2023 ), and UHPLC–MS/MS ( Du et al, 2021 ), have been used for identifying ERY, CLA and other MACs in fish, milk, honey, egg and animal tissues. In previous studies, Wang et al (2021 ) developed an LC with a time-of-flight (ToF)-MS/MS method to verify whether ERY and CLA can produce N -desmethyl metabolites in chicken liver microsomes.…”

“…In addition, the electrode preparation program of an electrochemical sensor is relatively complicated and time-consuming, and it can only detect one or more antibiotics in the target. Sharkawi et al (2023) developed a thin-layer chromatography (TLC) densitometric method for the analysis of ERY, sulfadiazine and trimethoprim in chicken muscle and liver samples. The recovery of ERY in chicken muscle and liver samples was 96.9–103.4 %, and the LODs and LOQs were 0.16 μg/band and 0.48 μg/band, respectively.…”

“… Detection method Sample preparation method Animal-derived food Analyte Recovery (%) LOD (μg/kg) LOQ (μg/kg) Detection time (min) Ref. HPLC–MS/MS QuEChERS-DLLME Fish ERY 103–110 0.1 1 7 Campanharo et al (2023) HPLC-DAD MIM-SPE Milk ERY 86.1 0.22 0.75 30 Cañadas et al (2022) Electrochemical sensor − Honey ERY 96.4–104.2 2.01 nM − − Lai et al (2023) Electrochemical sensor LLE Pork and eggs ERY 95.4–103.0 2.7 nM − − Li et al (2022) TLC densitometric LLE Chicken tissues ERY 96.9–103.4 0.16 μg/band 0.48 μg/band 15 Sharkawi et al (2023) UHPLC–MS/MS QuEChERS Chicken tissues and eggs ERY, CLA and N - d -ERY 87.8–104.2 0.5 2.0 5 This study Note: “-”Not reported. …”