TLC‐bioautography identification and GC‐MS analysis of antimicrobial and antioxidant active compounds in Musa × paradisiaca L. fruit pulp essential oil

Abstract

Introduction The absence of microbial growth and resistance to oxidative deterioration in fruits of Musa × paradisiaca L. (bananas) is an indication of the presence of antimicrobial and antioxidant metabolites. Objective In order to investigate the secondary metabolomic spectrum as well as the active antimicrobial and antioxidants present in essential oils (EOs) from fruits of different geographical areas of M. × paradisiaca, gas chromatography‐mass spectroscopy (GC‐MS) principal component data correlation analysis is complemented with antimicrobial assays and phytochemical and bioautographic antioxidant fingerprints with thin layer chromatography (TLC). Methodology An EO was obtained by steam distillation and subjected to GC‐MS and TLC for metabolomic profiling from fruit pulp. The antimicrobial potential was tested in both Escherichia coli as a gram negative and Bacillus subtilis as a gram positive microbe. Potential antioxidant metabolites were identified through TLC‐bioautography and GC‐MS analysis of active zones. Results A maximum of 0.56% v/w EO was isolated from fruit pulps of M. × paradisiaca. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against B. subtillis and E. coli were 0.25 and 0.35 μg/mL, respectively. Thus, 56 metabolites were identified through GC‐MS. The major abundant antimicrobial metabolites found in EOs are α‐thujene, γ‐terpinene, α‐ and β‐pinene, sabinene, β‐myrcene, limonene, α‐capaene, caryophyllene and (Z,E)‐α farnesene. Aceteugenol, palmitic acid, stearic acid, palmitin, and stearin were identified as antioxidant metabolites. Principal component analysis of metabolite data reveals correlations and a clear separation based on metabolites obtained from various areas. Conclusion The data generated using metabolic profiling and cluster analysis helped to identify antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds in M. × paradisiaca.

Antimicrobial Activity against Oral Pathogens Confirms the Use of Musa paradisiaca Fruit Stalk in Ethnodentistry

“…In the case of the ethanol extract, antifungal activity against Candida albicans was observed. The current observed antimicrobial activity of M. paradisiaca fruit stalk extracts against oral pathogens implicated in oral infections complements that of other studies which showed that extracts from fruits, florets, root, leaves, and peels of M. paradisiaca possess antimicrobial properties [ 23 , 27 , 33 , 34 ]. The current observation together with that of previous studies which demonstrated that M. paradisiaca has antimicrobial activity against A. actinomycetemcomitans [ 35 ] and C. albicans [ 23 ] clearly shows the possible prospects of M. paradisiaca as an alternative or complementary oral therapy that can be exploited for use by indigenous people.…”

Effects of Three-Layer Encapsulated Tea Tree Oil on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Intestinal Microbiota of Weaned Pigs

“…Because of the antimicrobial activity of its components (32)(33)(34), TTO exhibits in vitro antimicrobial activity (35).…”

“…Terpinen-4-ol accounts for nearly 60% of the major components of TTO. Because of the antimicrobial activity of its components ( 32 – 34 ), TTO exhibits in vitro antimicrobial activity ( 35 ). In the current study, we revealed TTO in vivo may be a potential alternative to antibiotics in weanling pigs.…”

Antibacterial Substance Produced by a Soil Bacteria Isolated From Rhizosphere of Zingiber Officinale

“…To screen metabolites possessing antibacterial activity, a TLC bioautography was performed. The active zone on certain Rf value will appear if the spots contain certain levels of antibacterial compounds [23,24]. In this study, the comparison Rf values of patches that have activity against S. aureus or E. coli as well as the positive control (chloramphenicol 0.675 mg) is depicted in fig.…”