Tl₂ZrCl₆ and Tl₂HfCl₆ Intrinsic Scintillators for Gamma Rays and Fast Neutron Detection

Bhattacharya, P.; Brown, Conner; Sosa, Charles; Wart, Megan; Miller, Stuart; Brecher, C.; Nagarkar, Vivek V.

doi:10.1109/tns.2020.2997659

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Moreover, very recently, the PSD ability was demonstrated for TZC crystals not only for gamma quanta and alpha particles, but also for neutrons and protons [29]. Owing the presence of 35 Cl in its chemical formula (Tl 2 ZrCl 6 ), fast neutrons can be detected though (n,p) and (n,alpha) nuclear reactions.…”

Section: Below)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Cs2HfCl6 Crystal Scintillator: Recent Progress and Perspectives

Nagorny

2021

Physics

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Recent progress in Cs2HfCl6 (CHC) crystal production achieved within the last five years is presented. Various aspects have been analyzed, including the chemical purity of raw materials, purification methods, optimization of the growth and thermal conditions, crystal characterization, defect structure, and internal radioactive background. Large volume, crack-free, and high quality CHC crystals with an ultimate scintillating performance were produced as a result of such extensive research and development (R & D) program. For example, the CHC crystal sample with dimensions ∅23 × 30 mm3 demonstrates energy resolution of 3.2% FWHM at 662 keV, the relative light output at the level of 30,000 ph/MeV and excellent linearity down to 20 keV. Additionally, this material exhibits excellent pulse shape discrimination ability and low internal background of less than 1 Bq/kg. Furthermore, attempts to produce a high quality CHC crystal resulted in research on this material optimization by constitution of either alkali ions (Cs to Tl), or main element (Hf to Zr), or halogen ions (Cl to Br, I, or their mixture in different ratio), as well as doping with various active ions (Te4+, Ce3+, Eu3+, etc.). This leads to a range of new established scintillating materials, such as Tl2HfCl6, Tl2ZrCl6, Cs2HfCl4Br2, Cs2HfCl3Br3, Cs2ZrCl6, and Cs2HfI6. To exploit the whole potential of these compounds, detailed studies of the material’s fundamental properties, and understanding of the variety of the luminescence mechanisms are required. This will help to understand the origin of the high light yield and possible paths to further extend it. Perspectives of CHC crystals and related materials as detectors for rare nuclear processes are also discussed.

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Section: Below)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Cs2HfCl6 Crystal Scintillator: Recent Progress and Perspectives

Nagorny

2021

Physics

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“…[72,73,218] Moreover, improvement of material purification and crystal growth conditions [121,219,220] resulted in improvement of the ER down to 2.8% (at 662 keV 137 Cs). [219] Furthermore, analogs of Cs 2 HfCl 6 were investigated including A 2 MCl 6 , [221,222] Cs 2 HfBr x Cl 1Àx , [45,[223][224][225] A 2 HfI 6 , [226][227][228] Tl 2 MCl 6 , [199,[229][230][231][232] and Tl 2 HfBr 6 . [199] All exhibit broadband emission with scintillation decay times in the microsecond range.…”

Section: Activation With Ns 2 Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Halide Scintillators: From the Bulk to Nano

Vaněček

Děcká

Mihóková

et al. 2022

Advanced Photonics Research

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Halide scintillators have been playing a crucial role in the detection of ionizing radiation since the discovery of scintillation in NaI:Tl in 1948. The discovery of NaI:Tl motivated the research and development (R&D) of halide scintillators, resulting in the development of CsI:Tl, CsI:Na, CaF2:Eu, etc. Later, the R&D shifted toward oxide materials due to their high mechanical and chemical stability, good scintillation properties, and relative ease of bulk single‐crystal growth. However, the development in crystal growth technology allows for the growth of high‐quality single crystals of hygroscopic and mechanically fragile materials including SrI2 and LaBr3. Scintillators based on these materials exhibit excellent performance and push the limits of inorganic scintillators. These results motivate intense research of a large variety of halide‐based scintillators. Moreover, materials based on lead halide perovskites find applications in the fields of photovoltaics, solid‐state lighting, and lasers. The first studies show also the significant potential of lead halide perovskites as ultrafast scintillators in the form of nanocrystals. The purpose of this review is to summarize the R&D in the field of halide scintillators during the last decade and highlight perspectives for future development.

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“…[6][7][8] These efforts have been accompanied by extensive theoretical and experimental investigations of the scintillation mechanism which is attributed to the emission of self-trapped excitons (STE). [9][10][11][12] In these studies a special attention was paid to the effect of impurities and defects, [13][14][15][16][17] as well as cation and anion substitution 7,[18][19][20][21] on the scintillation properties. Such a holistic approach enabled targeted optimisation of the manufacturing process that led to the production of large, highquality scintillation crystals with the enhanced performance characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%