Titrimetry at a metrological level

Felber, Helene; Rezzonico, S.; Máriássy, Michal

doi:10.1088/0026-1394/40/5/006

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Nowadays, according to Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de la Matière (CCQM) opinion [2], it is considered as one of the primary methods of analysis i.e., it fulfills the demands of the highest metrological qualities. Titration is then perceived as a very simple and reliable technique, applied in different areas of chemical analysis.…”

Section: Introductory Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles of Titrimetric Analyses According to Generalized Approach to Electrolytic Systems (GATES)

Michałowska-Kaczmarczyk¹,

Spórna‐Kucab²,

Michałowski³

2017

Advances in Titration Techniques

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The generalized equivalent mass (GEM) concept, based on firm algebraic foundations of the generalized approach to electrolytic systems (GATES), is considered and put against the equivalent "weight" concept, based on a "fragile" stoichiometric reaction notation still advocated by IUPAC. The GEM is formulated a priori, with no relevance to a stoichiometry. GEM is formulated in a unified manner, and referred to systems of any degree of complexity with special emphasis put on redox systems, where generalized electron balance (GEB) is involved. GEM is formulated on the basis of all attainable (and preselected) physicochemical knowledge on the system in question, and resolved with use of iterative computer programs. It is possible to calculate coordinates of the end points taken from the vicinity of equivalence point. This way, one can choose (among others) a proper indicator and the most appropriate (from analytical viewpoint) color change of the indicator. Some interpolative and extrapolative methods of equivalence volume V eq determination are recalled and discussed. The GATES realized for GEM purposes provides the basis for optimization of analytical procedures a priori. The GATES procedure realized for GEM purposes enables to foresee and optimize new analytical methods, or modify, improve, and optimize old analytical methods.

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Section: Introductory Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles of Titrimetric Analyses According to Generalized Approach to Electrolytic Systems (GATES)

Michałowska-Kaczmarczyk¹,

Spórna‐Kucab²,

Michałowski³

2017

Advances in Titration Techniques

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“…Titrimetry constitutes one of the former analytical methods, been applied since the late eighteenth century [1]. Based on reaction chemistry, it is still developing [2][3][4][5] and continues to be extensively employed in several analytical fields as well as in routine studies [6] due to its simplicity, with little sacrifice in accuracy and precision, and low cost [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Titration Curves and Titration Errors in Donor Acceptor Titrations of Displacement and Electronic Transference Reactions

Martín¹,

Estévez²,

Asuero³

2017

Redox - Principles and Advanced Applications

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An overview of the state of the art concerning with earlier approaches to titration in redox systems is given in this chapter, in which an overview on redox bibliography has also been undertaken. Titration error has been the subject of a variety of excellent papers, but the number of papers dealing with titration error in redox titrations is scarce. However, a single hyperbolic sine expression for the titration error in donor/acceptor titration of displacement and electronic transference reactions is derived in this chapter. The titration error expression is applicable to symmetrical redox reactions, that is to say, those in which no polynuclear species are involved in the equilibria. The donor versus acceptor particle notation is chosen to accentuate the analogy with that used in the description of acids and bases following the steps given by the French School and other recognized authors (Budevsky, Butler, Charlot, Gauguin, Inczedy, Monnier, Rosset). A diagram for the titration error in function of the difference between the end and equivalence point (pX) is drawn in order to facilitate the graphical calculation of titration error. A detailed error analysis concerning with the propagation of systematic and random error propagation in the titration error is given.

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“…It plays an important role in various fields as well as routine studies [5][6][7][8][9], being used widely in the analytical laboratory given their simplicity, speed, accuracy, good reproducibility, and low cost. It is, together with gravimetry, one of the most used methods to determine chemical composition on the basis of chemical reactions (primary method).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intersecting Straight Lines: Titrimetric Applications

Martín¹,

Martin²,

Asuero³

2017

Advances in Titration Techniques

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Plotting two straight line graphs from the experimental data and determining the point of their intersection solve a number of problems in analytical chemistry (i.e., potentiometric and conductometric titrations, the composition of metal-chelate complexes and binding interactions as ligand-protein). The relation between conductometric titration and the volume of titrant added leads to segmented linear titration curves, the endpoint being defined by the intersection of the two straight line segments. The estimation of the statistical uncertainty of the end point of intersecting straight lines is a topic scarcely treated in detail in a textbook or specialized analytical monographs. For this reason, a detailed treatment with that purpose in mind is addressed in this book chapter. The theoretical basis of a variety of methods such as first-order propagation of variance (random error propagation law), Fieller's theorem and two approaches based on intersecting confidence bands are explained in detail. Several experimental systems described in the literature are the subject of study, with the aim of gaining knowledge and experience in the application of the possible methods of uncertainty estimation. Finally, the developed theory has been applied to the conductivity measurements in triplicate in the titration of a mixture of hydrochloric acid and acetic acid with potassium hydroxide.

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Titrimetry at a metrological level

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

Principles of Titrimetric Analyses According to Generalized Approach to Electrolytic Systems (GATES)

Principles of Titrimetric Analyses According to Generalized Approach to Electrolytic Systems (GATES)

On the Titration Curves and Titration Errors in Donor Acceptor Titrations of Displacement and Electronic Transference Reactions

Intersecting Straight Lines: Titrimetric Applications

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