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Guggisberg, Hans R.

doi:10.1159/000397680

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Fungi of the genus Claviceps are well-known for their toxicological and pharmaceutical properties. , Infection of living plants leads to a formation of a resistant reservoir of the fungus, the sclerotium. This contains a variety of more than 40 secondary metabolites. , Intoxications after consumption of sclerotia-contaminated food and feed are known since first documented cases centuries ago . The resulting disease, ergotism, shows different effects, ranging from vasoconstriction, gangrene of extremities, to hallucinations and spasm …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxicity and Fluorescence Visualization of Ergot Alkaloids in Human Cell Lines

Mulac

Lepski

Ebert

et al. 2013

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The ergot alkaloids as secondary metabolites from fungi of the genus Claviceps are the focus of many investigations because of their pharmacological and toxicological properties. The main effects of ergot alkaloids are referred to an interaction with several receptor systems in the human body. It is well-known that ergot alkaloids are able to isomerize with one isomer being biologically active and one being only weakly active, whereas the activity is restricted to receptor interactions. Latest investigations have proven that ergot alkaloids also show cytotoxic effects and induce apoptosis in human primary cells. These effects seem to correlate with accumulation properties. It was the aim of our current study to determine such effects in cancer cell lines, because ergot derivatives are also used in tumor therapy. Our results confirm the apoptotic effects in two cancer cell lines (HepG2 and HT-29) in a high range, and accumulation measurements show an interesting correlation between the alkaloid concentration in the cell lysate of the receptor-inactive isomers and cytotoxicity. In addition, the strong accumulative effects were first visualized by fluorescence microscopy by taking advantage of the natural fluorescence properties of ergot alkaloids.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxicity and Fluorescence Visualization of Ergot Alkaloids in Human Cell Lines

Mulac

Lepski

Ebert

et al. 2013

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Not surprisingly oral toxicity, the most relevant route of administration, was considerably lower than that determined by intravenous dosing with the LD50 by gavage being 3200 mg/kg in mice, 1300 mg/kg in rats and 550 mg/kg in rabbits (Griffith et al 1978). Symptoms associated with these acute intoxications include vomiting, diarrhoea, cardio-vascular collapse, convulsions, agony and abortions (Guggisberg 1954;Lewin 1962). Ergotamine has been fed to rats at concentrations of up to 500 mg/kg for 4 weeks.…”

Section: Ergot Alkaloids In the Food Chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ergot alkaloids in New Zealand pastures and their impact

Caradus¹,

Card

Finch

et al. 2020

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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In identifying endophytes for use in pastures in New Zealand there have been two strategies used, either exclusion of ergopeptine and lolitrem alkaloids or, retaining some ergopeptine expression to enhance the stability of natural defences against invertebrate pests. Both have their strengths and weaknesses. It is a matter of balancing these to ensure the end-user has access to a product that satisfies their needsa persistent pasture with low to nil animal toxicity in terms of animal production and welfare. The range and intensity of ergot alkaloids in grazed pasture on both pasture and ruminants is reviewed, with emphasis on New Zealand. Ergot alkaloids associated with pasture are produced by associations between certain Epichloë endophyte strains and temperate grasses. Ergot alkaloids have been shown to improve persistence of pasture through providing resistance/deterrence to insect pests as well as deterring grazing animals. However, ergovaline is toxic to grazing animals. Some commercially available ryegrass-endophyte associations can produce ergovaline concentrations close to those found in associations between ryegrass and the standard endophyte. It is feasible to eliminate ergot alkaloids from pasture grasses in New Zealand as endophyte strains are commercially available that do not express ergovaline and yet still provide excellent pest resistance.

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“…After infection of a host plant by the fungus, the sclerotia replace the kernels on grain ears. The most common host is rye as a cross-pollinating species , , but other grains can also be infected. The sclerotia contain several toxic alkaloids, the ergot alkaloids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ricinoleic Acid as a Marker for Ergot Impurities in Rye and Rye Products

Franzmann

Wachter

Dittmer

et al. 2010

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Ergot alkaloid and ricinoleic acid contents of 63 ergot sclerotia samples from rye throughout Germany of the harvest years 2006-2009 were determined. Alkaloid contents were analyzed by means of high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) and ricinoleic acid contents by means of gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). Ergot alkaloid amounts ranged from 0.01 to 0.2 g/100 g of sclerotia with an average amount of 0.08 g/100 g. Ergotamine and ergocristine were identified as lead alkaloids representing 57% (w/w) of the total alkaloid content. The average ricinoleic acid amount in the ergot sclerotia was 10.3 g/100 g. Because of the low variation of ricinoleic acid content in the ergot sclerotia, a new method for the determination of ricinoleic acid in rye products as a marker for ergot contaminations was developed. This method allows the determination of ergot impurities as low as 0.01% (w/w). Furthermore, 29 rye products (flours, bread mix, bread) were investigated for their ricinoleic acid and ergot alkaloid contents.

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Title Page / Inhaltsverzeichnis

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Cytotoxicity and Fluorescence Visualization of Ergot Alkaloids in Human Cell Lines

Cytotoxicity and Fluorescence Visualization of Ergot Alkaloids in Human Cell Lines

Ergot alkaloids in New Zealand pastures and their impact

Ricinoleic Acid as a Marker for Ergot Impurities in Rye and Rye Products

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