Tite, B. D.

Rye, Howard

doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.j708700

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Orexin neurones project to the LDT and the PPN (Nambu et al 1999;Peyron et al 1998) where both cholinergic neurones Rye et al 1987;Span & Grofova, 1992;Takakusaki et al 1996) and non-cholinergic neurones, including glutamatergic, GABAergic (Ottersen & Storm-Mathisen, 1984;Kosaka et al 1988) and peptidergic neurones (Vincent et al 1983) are located. In the present study orexin injections into the PPN or the SNr suppressed PPN-induced REM and atonia.…”

Section: Orexinergic Modulation Of Rem Sleep and Postural Muscle Tonementioning

confidence: 99%

Orexinergic projections to the cat midbrain mediate alternation of emotional behavioural states from locomotion to cataplexy

Takakusaki

Takahashi

Saitoh

et al. 2005

The Journal of Physiology

103

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Orexinergic neurones in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus project to structures of the midbrain, including the substantia nigra and the mesopontine tegmentum. These areas contain the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR), and the pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei (PPN/LDT), which regulate atonia during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Deficiencies of the orexinergic system result in narcolepsy, suggesting that these projections are concerned with switching between locomotor movements and muscular atonia. The present study characterizes the role of these orexinergic projections to the midbrain. In decerebrate cats, injecting orexin-A (60 µM to 1.0 mM, 0.20-0.25 µl) into the MLR reduced the intensity of the electrical stimulation required to induce locomotion on a treadmill (4 cats) or even elicit locomotor movements without electrical stimulation (2 cats). On the other hand, when orexin was injected into either the PPN (8 cats) or the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr, 4 cats), an increased stimulus intensity at the PPN was required to induce muscle atonia. The effects of orexin on the PPN and the SNr were reversed by subsequently injecting bicuculline (5 mM, 0.20-0.25 µl), a GABA A receptor antagonist, into the PPN. These findings indicate that excitatory orexinergic drive could maintain a higher level of locomotor activity by increasing the excitability of neurones in the MLR, while enhancing GABAergic effects on presumably cholinergic PPN neurones, to suppress muscle atonia. We conclude that orexinergic projections from the hypothalamus to the midbrain play an important role in regulating motor behaviour and controlling postural muscle tone and locomotor movements when awake and during sleep. Furthermore, as the excitability is attenuated in the absence of orexin, signals to the midbrain may induce locomotor behaviour when the orexinergic system functions normally but elicit atonia or narcolepsy when the orexinergic function is disturbed.

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Section: Orexinergic Modulation Of Rem Sleep and Postural Muscle Tonementioning

confidence: 99%

Orexinergic projections to the cat midbrain mediate alternation of emotional behavioural states from locomotion to cataplexy

Takakusaki

Takahashi

Saitoh

et al. 2005

The Journal of Physiology

103

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“…It has also been shown that oligoguluronates are able to potentiate the effect of conventional antibiotics by more than two orders of magnitude on some multi-drug resistant pathogens. This effect can at least partly be explained by a disruption of bacterial biofilm formation (Rye, 2018). An in vivo murine breast cancer model revealed that both oligoguluronates as well as oligomannuronates exhibit anti-tumor effects (Hosseinia et al, 2017;Hosseinia et al, 2018).…”

Section: Alginatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of marine oligosaccharides in pharmacy

Nordgård

Rao

Draget

2019

Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre

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Complex polysaccharides are widespread within the animal kingdom. At the molecular level, however, the importance of such components have largely been considered inferior compared to nucleic acids and proteins. This in spite of the fact that carbohydrates are well known to govern important biological processes like cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions. There are probably several reasons for this, out of which the huge challenges of characterizing and synthesizing complex carbohydrates play an important role. Secondly, the fact that complex carbohydrates are not primary gene products but rather the result of post polymerization processes like e.g. glycosylation of proteins adds to the intricacy to the science of Glycobiology. As of today, heparin and heparin analogues for the treatment of DVT represent some of the very few examples of carbohydrate, or carbohydrate-inspired pharmaceutical products on the market. This review will address the complexity of carbohydrates, but also that due to this complexity carbohydrates exhibit a huge potential as carriers of information. Finally, some examples of pharmaceutically active oligosaccharides of marine origin will be presented.

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Tite, B. D.

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Orexinergic projections to the cat midbrain mediate alternation of emotional behavioural states from locomotion to cataplexy

Orexinergic projections to the cat midbrain mediate alternation of emotional behavioural states from locomotion to cataplexy

The potential of marine oligosaccharides in pharmacy

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