Titanium oxide nanotubes prepared in phosphate electrolytes

Ghicov, Andrei; Tsuchiya, Hiroaki; Macák, Jan M.; Schmuki, Patrik

doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2005.03.007

Cited by 402 publications

(255 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It was noted that even though the wall thickness increased with increasing pH, the general diameter of the nanotubes was found to be decreasing. Figure 6 (b) also showed that there was an increase in porosity with increasing pH while in the presence of phosphate ions as well [31]. During the review of the literature, there was an emphasis on the effect of pH on the thickness of titania nanotubes whereby longer nanotubes were obtained in electrolytes having a higher pH.…”

Section: Effect Of Phmentioning

confidence: 86%

The Effect of Initial Etching Sites on the Morphology of TiO₂Nanotubes on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

Danookdharree

Tredwin³

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Anodization was performed in phosphate and fluoride containing electrolytes at different pH and sweep rates with the aim of analyzing the variation in current density during the process continuously. The effect of pH and sweep rate on the morphology of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes, grown on Ti-6Al-4V alloy, has been explicitly examined in this study. At the same time a microscopic analysis of the different stages of the formation of the nanotubes was performed. A new perspective to the growth mechanisms of the nanotubes was brought about in this study. The morphology of the nanotubes was closely related to the density of initial etching sites.

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Section: Effect Of Phmentioning

confidence: 86%

The Effect of Initial Etching Sites on the Morphology of TiO₂Nanotubes on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

Danookdharree

Tredwin³

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The influence of the anodization potential on the tube diameter and length was shown for early stage electrolytes approximately 10 years ago, for purely aqueous electrolytes [37,38], mixed water:glycerol electrolytes [39], as well as for some ethylene glycol based electrolytes [39][40][41][42]. Recently, Loget et al [40] used bipolar electrochemistry and prepared TiO 2 nanotubes on the bipolar electrode.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of electrolyte age and potential changes on the morphology of TiO2 nanotubes

Sopha

Hromádko

Nechvílová

et al. 2015

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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In the present work we report on the influence of the age of ethylene glycol-based electrolytes on the synthesis of self-organized TiO 2 nanotube layers. Electrolytes of different ages, defined by the total duration for anodization, were explored in order to get insight about how the tube structure changes with the electrolyte age. The results show a strong dependence of the electrolyte age upon the nanotube length and diameter -a phenomena surprisingly not discussed in existing literature. When fresh electrolytes are employed, nanotube arrays with a high aspect ratio are received, while in older electrolytes (i.e. already used for anodization) the nanotube arrays exhibit low aspect ratios. This is very important aspect for the reproducible synthesis of the nanotube layers. Moreover, the effect of the potential on the nanotube dimensions was investigated. Linear dependence of the diameter upon the potential was observed. Last, but not least, the influence of a potential change towards the end of the anodization time was studied. By sweeping the potential to 100 V, or to 5 V and keeping this for one hour after applying a constant potential of 60 V for 4 hours, nanotubes underwent interesting morphological changes. In particular, when slow sweeping from 60 V to 5 V was carried out, small nanotubes grew in the gaps between the initial nanotubes. Interestingly, these nanotubes layers showed lower adhesion to the underlying substrates.

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“…Recently, we have shown that the tubes can be grown to a length of several micrometers, giving an aspect ratio of a few hundreds. [15][16][17][18][19] This can be achieved by tailored anodization in neutral solutions containing NH 4 F 15-17 or NaF 18 or in glycerol/NH 4 F mixtures. 19 We have already used the nanotubular structures to dye-sensitize them in the visible light 4 or as a catalyst support for methanol electrochemical oxidation, 20 and we have shown how to use ion implantation 21,22 and thermal treatment to N-dope the tubes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Photoelectrochemical properties of N-doped self-organized titania nanotube layers with different thicknesses

et al. 2006

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The present work reports nitrogen doping of self-organized TiO 2 nanotubular layers. Different thicknesses of the nanotubular layer architecture were formed by electrochemical anodization of Ti in different fluoride-containing electrolytes; tube lengths were 500 nm, 2.5 m, and 6.1 m. As-formed nanotube layers were annealed to an anatase structure and treated in ammonia environment at 550°C to achieve nitrogen doping. The crystal structure, morphology, composition and photoresponse of the N-doped were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and photoelectrochemical measurements. Results clearly show that successful N-doping of the TiO 2 nanotubular layers can be achieved upon ammonia treatment. The magnitude of the photoresponse in ultraviolet and visible light is strongly dependent on the thicknesses of the layers. This effect is ascribed to recombination effects along the tube length.

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Titanium oxide nanotubes prepared in phosphate electrolytes

Cited by 402 publications

References 23 publications

The Effect of Initial Etching Sites on the Morphology of TiO₂Nanotubes on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

The Effect of Initial Etching Sites on the Morphology of TiO₂Nanotubes on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

Effect of electrolyte age and potential changes on the morphology of TiO2 nanotubes

Photoelectrochemical properties of N-doped self-organized titania nanotube layers with different thicknesses

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Titanium oxide nanotubes prepared in phosphate electrolytes

Cited by 402 publications

References 23 publications

The Effect of Initial Etching Sites on the Morphology of TiO2Nanotubes on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

The Effect of Initial Etching Sites on the Morphology of TiO2Nanotubes on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

Effect of electrolyte age and potential changes on the morphology of TiO2 nanotubes

Photoelectrochemical properties of N-doped self-organized titania nanotube layers with different thicknesses

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The Effect of Initial Etching Sites on the Morphology of TiO₂Nanotubes on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

The Effect of Initial Etching Sites on the Morphology of TiO₂Nanotubes on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy