ABSTRACT:Zeolite is an ideal host material for encapsulating nano-size metal catalyst species because of its defined microporous structure, prominent adsorption/condensation properties, high surface area, chemical/thermal stability, and transparency to light. In this study, TiO 2 photocatalyst was incorporated in highly hydrophobic Y zeolite and its photocatalytic activity was examined in the photocatalytic oxidation of olefins under UV-light irradiation using molecular oxygen as an oxygen source. TiO 2 nanoparticles incorporated in hydrophobic Y zeolite exhibited a markedly enhanced photocatalytic activity compared with bare TiO 2 owing to its excellent affinity toward organic moieties, which facilitates the mass transfer of organic substrates and allows them to efficiently access to the neighboring active TiO 2 surface. 9,10 Epoxides are important starting materials for the synthesis of polymers and fine chemicals. Photocatalytic epoxidation of olefin compounds using molecular oxygen as an environmentallybenign oxidant and light as an energy source is considered one of the greenest oxidation processes. However, the yields of epoxides in these reports still remain low.Since the discovery of porous silicate materials (e.g., zeolite and mesoporous silica), increasing attention has been directed toward their use as hosts for TiO 2 photocatalyst owing to their advantageous characteristics, such as adsorption/condensation properties, high surface area, chemical/thermal stability, and transparency to light; the defined geometry of the cavities and channels in the nanometer length scale can generate spatially isolated TiO 2 nanoparticles, and the high surface area can facilitate the adsorption and mass transfer of target organic substrates. A number of studies have witnessed that a combination of these porous silicate materials and TiO 2 photocatalyst allows to fabricate highly elaborated photocatalytic systems which enable efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.11,12 Our recent efforts have revealed that hydrophobic silicate support provides an improved catalytic efficiency for TiO 2 photocatalyst owing to its ability to adsorb and condense organic molecules from air/water systems.
13,14Herein, we examine the photocatalytic epoxidation of olefins by using TiO 2 photocatalyst supported on highly hydrophobic zeolites. Hydrophobic zeolite is expected to greatly enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO 2 owing to its efficient adsorption/condensation properties. In this study, ultrastable Y (USY) zeolite with extremely high hydrophobicity was chosen as a host for TiO 2 , which was prepared from H + -type Y zeolite with SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio of 5.8 (denoted as HY(5.8)) according to the method we previously reported.15 The USY-supported TiO 2 photocatalyst (TiO 2 @USY) was prepared by a conventional wet impregnation method using ammonium titanyl oxalate ((NH 4 ) 2 [TiO(C 2 O 4 ) 2 ]·2H 2 O) as a Ti source, and the TiO 2 content was empirically fixed to be 10 wt.%. Figure 1A and 1B show FE-SEM and T...