Titanium nanoparticles attenuates arsenic toxicity by up-regulating expressions of defensive genes in Vigna radiata L

There is plenty of room at the plant science: A review of nanoparticles applied to plant cultures

“…Regarding the physicochemical behaviour of NPs, their interactions with soil or other components within are then expected (Katiyar et al, 2020; Molnár et al, 2020). Application methods can be based on foliar spray, soil application, hydroponic culture or plant agar method (Huang et al, 2020).…”

“…Katiyar et al (2020) evaluated the effect of Ti‐NPs synthesised by two different routes, namely green and chemical synthesis, in crops of Vigna radiata L. contaminated with arsenic (As). The authors observed a decline in radicle length, and dry and fresh weight (45, 53 and 53%, respectively), which was because of the inadequate nutrient absorption caused by water loss attributed to the increased permeability of cell membranes in the plants treated with arsenic alone.…”

“…In contrast, all those effects were mitigated by treating As‐contaminated crops with Ti‐NPs (regardless of synthesis route). Katiyar et al (2020) pointed out that the green Ti‐NPs synthesis had better efficiency than chemical Ti‐NPs, evidenced by a better mitigating effect of As‐contaminated crops regarding mass, proteins and enzymatic activities. Therefore, it could be inferred that the use of Ti‐NPs synthesised using plant extract, provided a good alternative to the chemically synthesised NPs, which were not only more expensive but also more toxic when applied in high concentrations (Katiyar et al, 2020).…”

“…Improvements in antioxidant enzymes activity, photosynthetic apparatus, amount of free amino acids and nutrients, reveal an enhance on plant growth and consequently a beneficial influence of the NPs applied (Janmohammadi et al, 2016). Contents of malondialdehyde and protein are also parameters that indicate plants response to abiotic stress (Katiyar et al, 2020). Metabolomic studies also confer valuable information since they indicate some compounds were synthesised because of abiotic and biotic stresses in plants (Kruszka et al, 2020).…”

“…Visual clues include root and shoot length, whose increase can be interpreted as beneficial and the decrease as a toxic effect (Adhikari et al, 2020). Complementary to visual inspection, microscopic techniques help to evaluate the assimilation of NPs and possible modifications of shape (Katiyar et al, 2020). Changes in leaf colour are related to toxic effects; for example, yellow leaves are indicative of alterations on chlorophyll content and possibly photosynthesis (X. P. Wang et al, 2018).…”