Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Modulate Systemic Immune Response and Increase Levels of Reduced Glutathione in Mice after Seven-Week Inhalation

Abstract

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are used in a wide range of applications. Although inhalation of NPs is one of the most important toxicologically relevant routes, experimental studies on potential harmful effects of TiO2 NPs using a whole-body inhalation chamber model are rare. In this study, the profile of lymphocyte markers, functional immunoassays, and antioxidant defense markers were analyzed to evaluate the potential adverse effects of seven-week inhalation exposure to two different concentrations of TiO2 NPs (0.00167 and 0.1308 mg TiO2/m3) in mice. A dose-dependent effect of TiO2 NPs on innate immunity was evident in the form of stimulated phagocytic activity of monocytes in low-dose mice and suppressed secretory function of monocytes (IL-18) in high-dose animals. The effect of TiO2 NPs on adaptive immunity, manifested in the spleen by a decrease in the percentage of T-cells, a reduction in T-helper cells, and a dose-dependent decrease in lymphocyte cytokine production, may indicate immunosuppression in exposed mice. The dose-dependent increase in GSH concentration and GSH/GSSG ratio in whole blood demonstrated stimulated antioxidant defense against oxidative stress induced by TiO2 NP exposure.

97 Transferability and Reproducibility of Exposed Air-Liquid Interface co-Culture Lung Models

“…Ma-Hock et al for example recommend the measurements of several inflammatory mediators in 5-day inhalation studies, including IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α (Ma-Hock et al, 2009). Also other studies report release of inflammatory mediators after inhalation exposure to TiO 2 (Noël et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2021;Scarino et al, 2012;Lehotska Mikusova et al, 2023). RNA expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were increased after pulmonary exposure to silica-coated TiO 2 NMs in mice (Leppänen et al, 2015).…”

Poor Respiratory Health is a Consequence of Dhaka’s Polluted Air: A Bangladeshi Perspective

“…12 Studies on animals and in the lab have demonstrated the dangers of excessive nanoparticle and ultrafine particle concentrations. 13 Some employees who are unintentionally exposed to extremely high amounts get lung injuries and fluid buildup around their airways. 14 Pollutants in the air of workplace can aggravate one’s respiratory health and result in “occupational asthma,” coal workers’ pneumoconiosis, chest pain, asthma spasms, coughing, and shortness of breath.…”

Chitosan-coated titanium dioxide nanoparticles: Fabrication, characterisation and toxicological evaluation in Drosophila melanogaster

“…However, dermal exposure via cosmetic usage and oral exposure through food additives did not show any prominent impact but their potential accumulation in the gastrointestinal tract has raised serious concerns among the developed countries. In rodent models like rats and mice, TiO 2 particles have demonstrated pulmonary in ammation, altered hepatic gene expressions and liver enzyme levels, decreased sperm quality and impaired fertility [8][9][10][11]. Similarly, in cell culture models, TiO 2 particles induced apoptosis and necrosis mechanisms, triggered pro-in ammatory cytokines in addition caused DNA damage, and chromosomal aberrations, raising concerns about their potential genotoxic effects [12,13].…”