Titanium dioxide nanoparticles elicited agro-morphological and physicochemical modifications in wheat plants to control Bipolaris sorokiniana

Abstract

The current study involves the biogenesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) by using Moringa oleifera Lam. aqueous leaf extract for the reduction of titanium dioxide salt into TiO2 nanoparticles. The biosynthesized TiO2 nanoparticles were observed by using the UV-visible spectrophotometry, SEM, EDX and XRD analytical methods. It was confirmed that the nanoparticles are crystalline and exist in the size range of 10–100 nm. The FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of O-H (hydrogen bonding), N-H (amide), C-C (alkanes) and C-I (Iodo-stretch) functional groups responsible for the stabilization of nanoparticles. Various concentrations (20, 40, 60 and 80 mg/L) of TiO2 NPs were applied exogenously on wheat plants infected with a fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana responsible to cause spot blotch disease at different time intervals. The measurement of disease incidence and percent disease index showed the time-dependent response and 40 mg/L was reported a stable concentration of TiO2 NPs to reduce the disease severity. The effects of biosynthesized TiO2 NPs were also evaluated for agro-morphological (leaf and root surface area, plant fresh and dry weight and yield parameters), physiological (relative water content, membrane stability index and chlorophyll content) and non-enzymatic metabolites (soluble sugar, protein, soluble phenol and flavonoid content) in wheat plants under biotic stress and 40 mg/L concentration of TiO2 NPs was found to be effective to elicit modifications to reduce biotic stress. The current study highlights the significant role of biosynthesized TiO2 NPs in controlling fungal diseases of wheat plants and thus ultimately improving the quality and yield of wheat plants.

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities Correlated with Growth Parameters of Wheat Sprayed with Silver and Gold Nanoparticle Suspensions

“…Nanoparticles have also been found to have antioxidant activity [14]. Extensive experimentation has been carried out to study the effects of metal NPs such as silver, copper, zinc, gold and titanium [14][15][16] on crop plants. Significant changes in plants' morphology were observed after exposure to metal NPs.…”

Exogenous Applications of Bio-fabricated Silver Nanoparticles to Improve Biochemical, Antioxidant, Fatty Acid and Secondary Metabolite Contents of Sunflower

“…The capillary action and the root pressure extracts excess nutrient from the soil through the process of sedimentation. In addition, a strong and extensive root branching system also enhances nutrient availability which helps to increase the plant height and other morphological parameters [ 1 , 2 ].…”

“…The capillary action and the root pressure extracts excess nutrient from the soil through the process of sedimentation. In addition, a strong and extensive root branching system also enhances nutrient availability which helps to increase the plant height and other morphological parameters [1,2]. In the current study, it was also examined that there was a reduction in the number of days of the flowering and 50% of flowering after the applications of AgNPs (Figure 3).…”

“…For the determination of the total protein content, the protocol of Reference [ 1 ] was followed. A total of 0.5 g of the leaves were crushed in 10 mL of phosphate buffer and centrifuged, followed by the addition of 3 mL of Bradford reagent (five times diluted) in 0.5 mL of supernatant.…”

“…The demand for food is increasing with every passing year because of the drastic increase in the world’s population. It is estimated that the world’s population will reach 9.2 billion people at the end of 2050 [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. This rapid increase in the population will require a 70% increase in the world’s agricultural production to meet the growing demand for food, compared with today’s levels.…”