Titanium Dioxide (E171) Induces Toxicity in H9c2 Rat Cardiomyoblasts and Ex Vivo Rat Hearts

Colín-Val, Zaira; Vera-Márquez, Carlos Daniel; Herrera-Rodríguez, Manuel Alejandro; Ramos‐Godínez, María del Pilar; López-Saavedra, Alejandro; Cano-Martı́nez, Agustina; Robledo‐Cadena, Diana Xochiquetzal; Rodrı́guez-Enrı́quez, Sara; Correa, Francisco; Delgado-Buenrostro, Norma L.; Chirino, Yolanda I.; López‐Marure, Rebeca

doi:10.1007/s12012-022-09747-5

Cited by 9 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…1 and 2). We previously showed that foodgrade titanium dioxide E171 alters F-actin distribution in H9c2 cells [17]. Actin, the major cytoskeletal protein of most cells, is responsible for mechanical support and determines cell shape and movement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce toxicity in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts

Mendoza-Milla

Macías

Delgado

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used in the cosmetic industry. They are nano-optical and nano-electrical devices, and their antimicrobial properties are applied in food packaging and medicine. ZnO NPs penetrate the body by inhalation, oral and dermal exposure and spread through circulation to various systems and organs. Since the cardiovascular system is one of the most vulnerable ones, in this work we studied ZnO NPs toxicity in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts. Methods Cardiac cells were exposed to different concentrations of ZnO NPs and then measured morphology, proliferation, viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), redox state and protein expression. Results Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and hematoxylin/eosin (H/E) staining showed strong morphological damage. ZnO NPs were not observed inside cells, suggesting Zn2+ ions were internalized, causing the damage. ZnO NPs strongly inhibited cell proliferation and MTT reduction at 10 and 20 µg/cm2 after 72 h of treatment. ZnO NPs at 20 µg/cm2 elevated DCF fluorescence indicating alterations in cellular redox state, associated with changes in ΔΨm and cell death. ZnO NPs also reduced troponin I and atrial natriuretic peptide expression. Conclusions ZnO NPs are toxic for cardiac cells, therefore consumption of products containing them could cause heart damage and develop cardiovascular diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce toxicity in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts

Mendoza-Milla

Macías

Delgado

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…However, TiO 2 particles were found in the plasma and urine of humans after 6 h of sunscreen use . In particular, TiO 2 particles exposed directly to cell culture in vitro significantly affect cell viability. ,,,, The potential cytotoxicity of TiO 2 particles observed for different biological models is still an open question regarding the effect on cardiac cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, in vivo assays in mice have demonstrated myocardial damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, and atherosclerosis effects when animals were exposed to TiO 2 particles. However, it is worth noting that none of these studies ,, examined the differential cytotoxicity comparatively with pure TiO 2 -anatase and TiO 2 -rutile particles. Consistently with the literature survey findings, − ,,,,, the type of cell death observed in vitro and the mechanisms of the inflammatory response observed in vivo caused by TiO 2 particles are yet to be fully established in myocardial cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge, this is the first study to comprehensively evaluate the cytotoxicity of TiO 2 -rutile particles in the H9c2 cell line. Notably, previous studies , conducted on H9c2 cells used food-grade anatase. Our study expands upon this previous research by evaluating the cytotoxicity of pure TiO 2 -anatase and TiO 2 -rutile, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the potential health effects of these particles on cardiac cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and Characterization of Rutile TiO₂ Nanoparticles for the Toxicological Effect on the H9c2 Cell Line from Rats

et al. 2023

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The widespread use of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) has raised concerns about potential health risks associated with its cytotoxicity in the cardiovascular system. To evaluate the cytotoxicity of TiO 2 particles, the H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts were used as a biological model, and their toxicological susceptibility to TiO 2 -anatase and TiO 2 -rutile particles was studied in vitro. The study examined dose and time exposure responses. The cell viability was evaluated based on metabolic inhibition and membrane integrity loss. The results revealed that both TiO 2 -anatase and TiO 2 -rutile particles induced similar levels of cytotoxicity at the inhibition concentrations IC 25 (1.4−4.4 μg/cm 2 ) and IC 50 (7.2−9.3 μg/cm 2 ). However, at more significant concentrations, TiO 2 -rutile appeared to be more cytotoxic than TiO 2 -anatase at 24 h. The study found that the TiO 2 particles induced apoptosis events, but necrosis was not observed at any of the concentrations of particles used. The study considered the effects of microstructural properties, crystalline phase, and particle size in determining the capability of TiO 2 particles to induce cytotoxicity in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. The microstress in TiO 2 particles was assessed using powder X-ray diffraction through Williamson−Hall and Warren−Averbach analysis. The analysis estimated the apparent crystallite domain and microstrain of TiO 2 -anatase to be 29 nm (ε = 1.03%) and TiO 2 -rutile to be 21 nm (ε = 0.53%), respectively. Raman spectroscopy, N 2 adsorption isotherms, and dynamic light scattering were used to identify the presence of pure crystalline phases (>99.9%), comparative surface areas (10 m 2 /g), and ζ-potential values (−24 mV). The difference in the properties of TiO 2 particles made it difficult to attribute the cytotoxicity solely to one variable.

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“…In spite of the fact that ZnO NPs agglomerates dispersed in the culture medium were smaller than those dispersed in saline solution, TEM analysis did not show NPs inside cells; however, strong morphological damage to the whole cell, dependent on concentration, was detected ( Figure 3 and Figure 4 ). We previously showed that food-grade titanium dioxide E171 alters F-actin distribution in H9c2 cells [ 17 ]. Actin, the major cytoskeletal protein in most cells, is responsible for mechanical support and determines cell shape and movement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Toxicity in H9c2 Rat Cardiomyoblasts

Mendoza-Milla

Macías²,

Delgado³

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used in the cosmetic industry. They are nano-optical and nano-electrical devices, and their antimicrobial properties are applied in food packaging and medicine. ZnO NPs penetrate the body through inhalation, oral, and dermal exposure and spread through circulation to various systems and organs. Since the cardiovascular system is one of the most vulnerable systems, in this work, we studied ZnO NPs toxicity in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts. Cardiac cells were exposed to different concentrations of ZnO NPs, and then the morphology, proliferation, viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), redox state, and protein expression were measured. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining showed strong morphological damage. ZnO NPs were not observed inside cells, suggesting that Zn2+ ions were internalized, causing the damage. ZnO NPs strongly inhibited cell proliferation and MTT reduction at 10 and 20 μg/cm2 after 72 h of treatment. ZnO NPs at 20 μg/cm2 elevated DCF fluorescence, indicating alterations in the cellular redox state associated with changes in ΔΨm and cell death. ZnO NPs also reduced the intracellular expression of troponin I and atrial natriuretic peptide. ZnO NPs are toxic for cardiac cells; therefore, consumption of products containing them could cause heart damage and the development of cardiovascular diseases.

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Titanium Dioxide (E171) Induces Toxicity in H9c2 Rat Cardiomyoblasts and Ex Vivo Rat Hearts

Cited by 9 publications

References 55 publications

Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce toxicity in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts

Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce toxicity in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts

Synthesis and Characterization of Rutile TiO₂ Nanoparticles for the Toxicological Effect on the H9c2 Cell Line from Rats

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Toxicity in H9c2 Rat Cardiomyoblasts

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Titanium Dioxide (E171) Induces Toxicity in H9c2 Rat Cardiomyoblasts and Ex Vivo Rat Hearts

Cited by 9 publications

References 55 publications

Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce toxicity in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts

Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce toxicity in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts

Synthesis and Characterization of Rutile TiO2 Nanoparticles for the Toxicological Effect on the H9c2 Cell Line from Rats

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Induce Toxicity in H9c2 Rat Cardiomyoblasts

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Synthesis and Characterization of Rutile TiO₂ Nanoparticles for the Toxicological Effect on the H9c2 Cell Line from Rats