Titanium beryllide as an alternative to beryllium in nuclear and thermonuclear engineering, capabilities of UMP JSC in the technology development and beryllides products manufacture

Abstract

For many decades, beryllium has been used as a structural element in nuclear installations as a moderator / breeder of fast neutrons. The consequence of neutron irradiation is a significant production of gas products in the form of helium and tritium, which leads to swelling and loss of strength properties of beryllium reflectors. The relatively low melting point of beryllium also imposes restrictions on the high-limit temperature regimes of the reactor core. As an alternative to pure beryllium, it is necessary to consider intermetallic compounds based on it, in particular titanium beryllide. Preliminary studies on the thermal desorption of helium and tritium from titanium beryllide have shown that this material has a much lower retention tendency and a lower release temperature. The higher melting point of titanium beryllide compared to pure beryllium is also an advantageous characteristic.Over the past years, UMP JSC, thanks to its research in this area, has achieved significant success in the development of technology for obtaining intermetallic billets and articles based on titanium and chromium beryllides. As a technology demonstrator, prototypes of structural elements of a helium-cooled blanket breeder module of the projected DEMO reactor were made by order of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany.The advantages of titanium beryllide, as well as the success achieved in the production of billets and products from it, open up opportunities for a more extensive study of the nuclear, physical and mechanical properties of this material with the possibility of further use in nuclear technology, including thermonuclear reactors, and in high-temperature instrumentation.

Materials to Be Used in Future Magnetic Confinement Fusion Reactors: A Review

“… It has a sufficiently high beryllium content (69.3 wt. %) for efficient neutron multiplication/moderation [ 41 , 42 , 43 ]. …”

Establishing theoretical foundations for predicting the structural and morphological characteristics of diffusion-welded joints of the beryllium–copper composite

“…Notably, the inner wall of the toroidal working chamber, a critical component, is constructed using beryllium [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Physicists involved in the development determined the optimal design for the blanket, a three-layer composite consisting of beryllium, a copper alloy, and stainless steel with an internal channel system for water cooling (Fig.…”