Titanium-based transition-edge photon number resolving detector with 98% detection efficiency with index-matched small-gap fiber coupling

Fukuda, Daiji; Fujii, Go; Nozaki, Takayuki; Amemiya, K.; Yoshizawa, Akio; Tsuchida, Hidemi; Fujino, H.; Ishii, Hiroyuki; Itatani, Taro; Inoue, Shuichiro; Zama, Tatsuya

doi:10.1364/oe.19.000870

Cited by 238 publications

(177 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The problem of detection has recently undergone significant progress, and single photon detectors with near unit efficiency have been demonstrated both for visible and telecommunication wavelengths [6][7][8]. The problem is therefore shifted towards the transmission of the photons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High efficiency coupling of photon pairs in practice

Guerreiro¹,

Martin²,

Sanguinetti³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

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Abstract:Multi-photon and quantum communication experiments such as loophole-free Bell tests and device independent quantum key distribution require entangled photon sources which display high coupling efficiency. In this paper we put forward a simple quantum theoretical model which allows the experimenter to design a source with high pair coupling efficiency. In particular we apply this approach to a situation where high coupling has not been previously obtained: we demonstrate a symmetric coupling efficiency of more than 80% in a highly frequency non-degenerate configuration. Furthermore, we demonstrate this technique in a broad range of configurations, i.e. in continuous wave and pulsed pump regimes, and for different nonlinear crystals. Nam, R. Ursin, and A. Zeilinger, "Bell violation using entangled photons without the fair-sampling assumption," Nature 497, 227-230 (2013). 16. M. D. C. Pereira, F. E. Becerra, B. L. Glebov, J. Fan, S. W. Nam, and A. Migdall, "Demonstrating highly symmetric single-mode, single-photon heralding efficiency in spontaneous parametric downconversion," Opt. Lett. 38, 1609Lett. 38, -1611Lett. 38, (2013.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High efficiency coupling of photon pairs in practice

Guerreiro¹,

Martin²,

Sanguinetti³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

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“…Specifically, if η s and η d are the source and detection efficiencies respectively, the success probability of the protocol is η = (η s η d ) n . Current cutting edge transition edge detectors operate at 98% efficiency, with negligible dark count [41]. SPDC sources are the standard photon-source technology but they are non-deterministic.…”

Section: Appendix G: Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear Optical Quantum Metrology with Single Photons: Exploiting Spontaneously Generated Entanglement to Beat the Shot-Noise Limit

et al. 2015

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Quantum number-path entanglement is a resource for super-sensitive quantum metrology and in particular provides for sub-shotnoise or even Heisenberg-limited sensitivity. However, such numberpath entanglement has thought to have been resource intensive to create in the first place -typically requiring either very strong nonlinearities, or nondeterministic preparation schemes with feedforward, which are difficult to implement. Very recently, arising from the study of quantum random walks with multi-photon walkers, as well as the study of the computational complexity of passive linear optical interferometers fed with single-photon inputs, it has been shown that such passive linear optical devices generate a superexponentially large amount of number-path entanglement. A logical question to ask is whether this entanglement may be exploited for quantum metrology. We answer that question here in the affirmative by showing that a simple, passive, linear-optical interferometer -fed with only uncorrelated, single-photon inputs, coupled with simple, single-mode, disjoint photodetection -is capable of significantly beating the shotnoise limit. Our result implies a pathway forward to practical quantum metrology with readily available technology.Ever since the early work of Yurke & Yuen it has been understood that quantum number-path entanglement is a resource for super-sensitive quantum metrology, allowing for sensors that beat the shotnoise limit [1,2] [7], protein concentration measurements [8], and microscopy [9,10]. This line of work culminated in the analysis of the bosonic NOON state ((|N, 0 + |0, N )/ √ 2, where N is the total number of photons), which was shown to be optimal for local phase estimation with a fixed, finite number of photons, and in fact allows one to hit the Heisenberg limit and the Quantum Cramér-Rao Bound [11][12][13][14].Let us consider the NOON state as an example, where for this state in a two-mode interferometer we have the condition of all N particles in the first mode (and none in the second mode) superimposed with all N particles in the second mode (and none in the first mode). While such a state is known to be optimal for sensing, its generation is also known to be highly problematic and resource intensive. There are two routes to preparing high-NOON states: the first is to deploy very strong optical nonlinearities [15,16], and the second is to prepare them using measurement and feed-forward [17][18][19]. In many ways * motesk@gmail.com † dr.rohde@gmail.com; URL: http://www.peterrohde.org then NOON-state generators have had much in common with all-optical quantum computers and therefore are just as difficult to build [20]. In addition to the complicated state preparation, typically a complicated measurement scheme, such as parity measurement at each output port, also had to be deployed [21].Recently two independent lines of research, the study of quantum random walks with multi-photon walkers in passive linear-optical interferometers [22][23][24], as well as the quantum complexity analysis o...

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“…Ultra sensitive photon number resolving detectors (PNRDs), which can determine the number of photons in a light pulse, are currently attracting substantial interests [1], particularly for optical quantum communications [2,3] and optical quantum information processings [4]. Superconducting detectors, including superconducting nanowire detectors [5], superconducting tunnel junctions [6], and transitionedge sensors (TES) [7], etc., show great prospects in these applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Superconducting detectors, including superconducting nanowire detectors [5], superconducting tunnel junctions [6], and transitionedge sensors (TES) [7], etc., show great prospects in these applications. For instance, film tungsten TESs have been reported over 95% quantum efficiency and photon-number resolving ability at 1550 nm [8]; also, the reported bulk titanium TESs have shown 98% ± 1% detection efficiency at 850 nm [2]. Alternatively, another kind of superconducting microwave detector based on coplanar waveguide technique, typically the coplanar waveguide resonators (CPWs), have also promptly developed for sensitive detections of radiations (from submillimeter to x-ray [9] and gamma ray [10]) in astronomic applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Resonators for Weak Light Detection at Telecom Wavelength

Zhou¹,

Wang²,

Wei³

et al. 2014

PIER

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Abstract-We report the experimental measurements of weak light signal at 1550 nm wavelength with a high-quality factor microwave coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonators. The quality factor of this niobium λ/4 CPW resonator is measured as Q = 7.4 × 10 5 at ultra-low temperature (20 mK). With this device, we developed a technique to implement the proper fiber-resonator coupling, and realized the desirable weak light detection at telecommunication wavelength with 35 pW resolution by probing the shift of resonance frequency (f 0 ). We found that the resonator shift increases with the increasing light power (from 11.7 pW to 9.77 nW), similar to the effects of increasing the system temperature (from 20 mK to 800 mK). The observed blue shifts of f 0 (with the increasing of either the temperature and the applied light powers) are thoroughly deviated from the usual Mattis-Bardeen theory prediction, and could be explained by the effects relating to the two-level system existed on surface of the CPW device.

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Titanium-based transition-edge photon number resolving detector with 98% detection efficiency with index-matched small-gap fiber coupling

Cited by 238 publications

References 14 publications

High efficiency coupling of photon pairs in practice

High efficiency coupling of photon pairs in practice

Linear Optical Quantum Metrology with Single Photons: Exploiting Spontaneously Generated Entanglement to Beat the Shot-Noise Limit

Microwave Resonators for Weak Light Detection at Telecom Wavelength

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