Titanium as a modifier of the peri‐implant microbiome structure

Abstract

Background: Recent data support the implication of accelerated titanium dissolution products in peri-implantitis. It is unknown whether these dissolution products have an effect on the peri-implant microbiome, the target of existing peri-implantitis therapies. Purpose: This study assessed the relationship between the peri-implant microbiome, dissolved titanium levels, and peri-implantitis. Materials and methods: Clinical, microbiome, and titanium data were collected from a periodontal population having implants in function for 10 years. Clinical examinations were performed, and submucosal plaque samples were collected from the deepest site per implant. An aliquot of the sample was used for 16S rRNA gene sequencing, with the remainder analyzed for titanium quantity using mass spectrometry. Sequences were clustered into taxonomic units at 97% minimum sequence similarity using the QIIME pipeline approach. Results: Fifteen implants were assessed. According to established case definitions, six had a diagnosis of peri-implantitis; nine were healthy. The genera Streptococcus, Prevotella and Haemophilus characterized peri-implant health. Peri-implantitis was associated with a marked increase in Veillonella. Quantities of dissolved titanium were identified in 40% of sites. Titanium presence was associated with peri-implant disease status (p=0.02) and correlated to the 1st principal component of the microbiome (rho=0.552) and its alpha-diversity (rho=−0.496). Canonical correlation analyses found that titanium levels, but not health or disease status of the implant, were significantly associated with the microbiota composition (p=0.045). Conclusion: These findings suggest an association between titanium dissolution products and peri-implantitis and support a role for these products in modifying the peri-implant microbiome structure and diversity.

Biofilm as a risk factor in implant treatment

“…with peri‐implantitis and healthy controls found an 8‐fold increase in titanium corrosion products in the plaque around implants with peri‐implantitis compared with healthy ones . In addition, when assessing the potential effects of titanium products on the peri‐implant microbiome using 16S rRNA analysis, titanium dissolution products have been shown to act as a modifier of the peri‐implant microbiome structure . These data support the utilization of treatment methods that prevent disruption of the titanium oxide surface.…”

Analysis of the Stomal Microbiota of a Percutaneous Osseointegrated Prosthesis: A Longitudinal Prospective Cohort Study

“…In general, some studies revealed that the genera Streptococcus , Prevotella , and Haemophilus characterized peri‐implant health. Peri‐implantitis was associated with a marked increase in Veillonella . However, the generalizability of these findings in the oral mucosa to the skin is not clear, as oral mucosa is a tissue and microbial ecosystem with markedly contrasting characteristics to those of the skin.…”

Long non‐coding RNA and mRNA expression profiles in peri‐implantitis vs periodontitis

“…In addition, both periodontitis and peri‐implantitis are polymicrobial diseases, associated with a dysbiotic biofilm community. Peri‐implant microbiota may have distinct characteristics as compared to periodontal microbiota in both health and disease, owing to inherent differences in the environmental niche, and titanium exposure . Both diseases show a preponderance of anaerobic pathobiont species, which may be related to the severity of the disease .…”