Titanium and Titanium Alloys

Gialanella, Stefano; Malandruccolo, Alessio

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-24440-8_4

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…On the other hand, the β-phase shows a body-centered cubic (bcc) structure characterized by a better attitude to undergo plastic deformation thanks to its 12 slip systems. Gialanella and Malandruccolo [22] highlighted that Ti-6Al-4V shows ductility characteristics allowing the production of components with a wide range of technologies, such as forming and additive manufacturing (AM) operations. Ti-6Al-4V is bio-inert, meaning it is able to avoid undesired chemical reactions with body fluids [23].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A feasibility study of promoting osseointegration surface roughness by micro-milling of Ti-6Al-4V biomedical alloy

Cappellini

Malandruccolo

Abeni

et al. 2023

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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The reliability of a prosthetic implant needs durability, biocompatibility, and osseointegration capability. Accomplishing these characteristics, Ti-6Al-4V alloy is the main used material for implant fabrication. Moreover, it can be processed by additive manufacturing technique, permitting to meet the needs of patience-tailored, often complex shaped, prosthesis topologies. Once an implant is realized, it is finished by machining operations and its osseointegration capability is heavily influenced by the resulting surface roughness. Consequently, the assessment of this latter is mandatory to evaluate the prosthesis durability. This paper presents the analysis of surface roughness of Ti-6Al-4V micro-milled specimens produced by plastic deformation, selective laser melting, and electron beam melting processes. A central composite design was employed for planning the cutting tests. The comparison between surface roughness results and its values for enhancing osseointegration, firstly permitted to individuate the range of micro-milling suitable applications, which have been individuated as ball joints, bone plates, and screws. Next, the statistical analysis of the experimental measurements allowed the identification of the most influential micro-milling parameters together with the determination of the mathematical models of surface roughness by response surface methodology. The good comparison among calculated and experimental results revealed the reliability of the model, allowing the prediction of achievable surface roughness once micro-machining parameters are selected, or their optimization as a function of a desired surface roughness value.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A feasibility study of promoting osseointegration surface roughness by micro-milling of Ti-6Al-4V biomedical alloy

Cappellini

Malandruccolo

Abeni

et al. 2023

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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“…Titanium and titanium (Ti) alloys grew to prominence in the late 1950s due to their high performance and unique structure-property relationships. Titanium alloys are advantageous in a versatile range of applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratio, high corrosion resistance, fracture toughness, high-temperature strength, biocompatibility, and processing capabilities [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. These alloys are classified into five main categories, described as alpha (α), near α, beta (β), near β, and α-β alloys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alpha and near-α titanium alloys contain low to moderate β-stabilizing elements, retaining the hexagonal close-packed (HCP) α phase as the dominant microconstituent, while metastable and stable β titanium alloys have sufficient β-stabilizer additions to form higher volumes of the body-centered cubic (BCC) β phase upon cooling from the β transus temperature [ 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 ]. This variation in alloying content and resultant microstructural constitution leads to differentiated mechanical properties and performances, with α and near-α alloys exhibiting superior fracture toughness and creep strength compared to β and near-β alloys which conversely display higher strength and formability [ 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 ]. Two of the most widely used titanium alloys are commercially pure (CP) titanium, an α alloy, and Ti-6Al-4V, an α- β alloy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of Titanium Feedstock Powder Derived from Recycled Battlefield Scrap vs. Virgin Powder for Cold Spray Processing

Judd,

Tsaknopoulos,

Sousa

et al. 2024

Materials

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Gas-atomization is extensively used to produce metallic feedstock powders for additive manufacturing processes, including gas dynamic cold spray processing. This work explores the potential utility of on-demand recycled titanium scrap feedstock powder as a viable substitute for virgin powder sources. Three recycled titanium powders were atomized from different battlefield scrap sources using a mobile foundry developed by MolyWorks Materials Corporation. Recycled titanium alloy powders were compared against virgin Ti-6Al-4V powder to verify there were no significant variations between the recycled and virgin materials. Powder characterization methods included chemical analysis, particle size distribution analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Karl Fischer (KF) titration moisture content analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) phase analysis, microparticle compression testing (MCT), and nanoindentation. Results indicate that recycled titanium powder provides a viable alternative to virgin titanium alloy powders without compromising mechanical capabilities, microstructural features, or ASTM-specified composition and impurity standards. The results of this work will be used to aid future research efforts that will focus on optimizing cold spray parameters to maximize coating density, mechanical strength, and hardness of recycled titanium feedstock powders. “Cold spray” presents opportunities to enhance the sustainability of titanium component production through the utilization of recycled feedstock powder, mitigating issues of long lead times and high waste associated with the use of conventional virgin feedstock.

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“…The α titanium alloy is composed of a single α phase structure, which has high stability, wear resistance, oxidation resistance, and cutting performance. Its strength is low at room temperature, but it is easy to induce alloy phase transformation after heat treatment [2,3]. Similarly, β titanium alloy is only composed of a single-phase structure, and the strength of the β titanium alloy reaches more than 1372 MPa at room temperature without special treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nb Content on Phase Transformation and Comprehensive Properties of TiNb Alloy Coating

Zheng

2023

Coatings

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As a β phase transformation promoting element of titanium alloy, the Nb element can induce different phase transformations of the alloy, improving the comprehensive properties of the alloy. However, the research on the effect of Nb content on the properties of TiNb alloy coating during laser cladding is not comprehensive. Herein, TixNb (x = 32.5~62.5 wt.%) alloy coatings were prepared by laser cladding technology, and their mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility were analyzed. The results show that the Nb element promotes the precipitation of different phase components in the phase transformation-induced coating of titanium alloy. The grain refinement during the laser cladding process effectively improves the microhardness of the TiNb alloy coating. At the same time, the wear resistance of the α″ + β dual-phase Ti32.5Nb alloy is enhanced. In addition, with the increase in Nb content, the coating exhibits better corrosion resistance. In vitro cell experiments showed that the TiNb alloy coating had excellent biocompatibility compared to the TC4 substrate. Therefore, the laser-clad TiNb alloy coating has high comprehensive performance and has reference value in the field of biological implantation.

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Titanium and Titanium Alloys

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

A feasibility study of promoting osseointegration surface roughness by micro-milling of Ti-6Al-4V biomedical alloy

A feasibility study of promoting osseointegration surface roughness by micro-milling of Ti-6Al-4V biomedical alloy

Comparative Evaluation of Titanium Feedstock Powder Derived from Recycled Battlefield Scrap vs. Virgin Powder for Cold Spray Processing

Effect of Nb Content on Phase Transformation and Comprehensive Properties of TiNb Alloy Coating

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