Titanium and cobalt–chromium alloys for hips and knees

Yao, Chung-Chen Jane; J, Lu; Webster, Thomas J.

doi:10.1533/9780857090843.1.34

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…The characteristic properties of the oxide layer can be tailored by altering the parameters of the anodization process (oxidation) in addition to incorporating valuable chemical species from the electrolyte solution. Electrode reactions in collaboration with field-driven ion diffusion during the process of anodization form an oxide layer on the anode when passing a constant voltage between the anode and cathode [33]. Using different electrolyte solutions, electrolyte pH, anodization time, and applied potential will affect the crystallinity and morphology of the oxide film.…”

Section: Surface Activation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Activation and Pretreatments for Biocompatible Metals and Alloys Used in Biomedical Applications

Huynh

Ngo

Golden

2019

International Journal of Biomaterials

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To improve the biocompatibility of medical implants, a chemical composition of bone-like material (e.g., hydroxyapatite) can be deposited on the surface of various substrates. When hydroxyapatite is deposited on surfaces of orthopedic implants, several parameters must be addressed including the need of rapid bone ingrowth, high mechanical stability, corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and osseointegration induction. However, the deposition process can fail due to poor adhesion of the hydroxyapatite coating to the metallic substrate. Increasing adhesion by enhancing chemical bonding and minimizing biocoating degradation can be achieved through surface activation and pretreatment techniques. Surface activation can increase the adhesion of the biocoating to implants, providing protection in the biological environment and restricting the leaching of metal ions in vivo. This review covers the main surface activation and pretreatment techniques for substrates such as titanium and its alloys, stainless steel, magnesium alloys, and CoCrMo alloys. Alkaline, acidic, and anodizing techniques and their effects on bioapatite deposition are discussed for each of the substrates. Other chemical treatment and combination techniques are covered when used for certain materials. For titanium, the surface pretreatments improve the thickness of the TiO2 passive layer, improving adhesion and bonding of the hydroxyapatite coating. To reduce corrosion and wear rates on the surface of stainless steel, different surface modifications enhance the bonding between the bioapatite coatings and the substrate. The use of surface modifications also improves the morphology of hydroxyapatite coatings on magnesium surfaces and limits the concentration of magnesium ions released into the body. Surface treatment of CoCrMo alloys also decreased the concentration of harmful ions released in vivo. The literature covered in this review is for pretreated surfaces which then undergo deposition of hydroxyapatite using electrodeposition or other wet deposition techniques and mainly limited to the years 2000-2019.

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Section: Surface Activation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Activation and Pretreatments for Biocompatible Metals and Alloys Used in Biomedical Applications

Huynh

Ngo

Golden

2019

International Journal of Biomaterials

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“…MPa, 659 MPa, 547 MPa and 593 MPa, respectively, lower values than the yield (841 MPa) and fatigue (725 MPa) strength of CoCr alloy (Yao et al, 2011). This analysis helped verified the dimensions for the endplates so that the size for the elastomeric core could be defined accordingly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The volume mesh characteristics of each component for the four positions analysed with the number of tetra elements generated can be seen in table 1. None of these stress values reached the yield strength (841 MPa) or fatigue strength (725 MPa) of the CoCr alloy (Yao et al, 2011) and, therefore, the design was considered to be safe both under static and fatigue compressive loads in the four cases analysed. The implant strength requirement was found to be met in all cases.…”

Section: Finite Element Analysis Modelsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Design and material evaluation for a novel lumbar disc replacement implanted via unilateral transforaminal approach

Alvarez

Dearn

Shepherd

2019

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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Where a licence is displayed above, please note the terms and conditions of the licence govern your use of this document. When citing, please reference the published version. Take down policy While the University of Birmingham exercises care and attention in making items available there are rare occasions when an item has been uploaded in error or has been deemed to be commercially or otherwise sensitive.

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“…Titanium was described as a physiologically indifferent metal and toxicologically, very benign [2]. CP-Ti has been successfully used commercially for bone plate implants [3] and for the metal back shell in a hip replacement joint [4], whilst the most common Ti alloy, Ti-6Al-4V, is used for the hip stem component of a hip joint [3], and for the various parts of a knee replacement joint [4]. Note that titanium alloys, or CP-Ti, are specifically used for structural, load-bearing implants, and as such, it is the interfacial interactions with bone, as opposed to just interactions with soft tissue -as it is the skeletal-titanium implant hybrid system -which is of critical importance to a load-bearing implant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the body naturally accepts titanium and Ti alloys, with a unique biocompatibility rarely equalled [5]. It was proposed within the literature [4,5] that the oxide layers forming at the surface, TiO, TiO 2 , Ti 2 O 3 and Ti 3 O 4 assist in this biocompatibility property.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Forging Simulation of a Multi-Partitioned Titanium Alloy Billet for a Medical Implant

Turner

Antonic²,

Warnken

2019

JMMP

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The medical healthcare industry uses titanium and its alloys to manufacture structural implants such as hip and knee replacement joints, which require an interface with bone, as well biocompatibility with soft tissue. These components can be manufactured with a variety of processing routes; however, forging has been one of the traditionally used, successful methods. In order to enhance a medical implant component’s properties such as fracture toughness, strength, microstructure and biocompatibility, it is of interest to understand a capability to develop forging methods which can produce a finished component such that different initial partitions of the billet occupy specific locations. As such, a 3D finite element (FE) modelling framework was established to simulate the coupled thermal and mechanical processes experienced during the forging of a workpiece containing multiple titanium-alloy material partitions, using the commercial FE software, Deform. A series of four models were simulated which contained differing arrangements of partitioning the initial billet, with different titanium alloys assigned to partitions. The forging operation was simulated with the same nominal processing parameters. The locations of these partitions within the final forging have been predicted, with varying success. One partition combination gave a very unsuccessful filling of the die, whilst the other models all filled the die correctly, and had different partitions maintained at key component locations. Thus, allowing for a manufacturing methodology to be presented which can potentially target specific component locations for specific materials to enhance component performance.

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Titanium and cobalt–chromium alloys for hips and knees

Cited by 11 publications

References 51 publications

Surface Activation and Pretreatments for Biocompatible Metals and Alloys Used in Biomedical Applications

Surface Activation and Pretreatments for Biocompatible Metals and Alloys Used in Biomedical Applications

Design and material evaluation for a novel lumbar disc replacement implanted via unilateral transforaminal approach

3D Forging Simulation of a Multi-Partitioned Titanium Alloy Billet for a Medical Implant

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