Titanium

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

Esteban

Ruiz-Navas

et al. 2012

The fabrication of the workhorse Ti-6Al-4V alloy and of the Ti-3Al-2.5V alloy was studied considering the master alloy addition variant of the blending elemental approach conventionally used for titanium powder metallurgy. The powders were characterised by means thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction and shaped by means of uniaxial pressing. The microstructural evolution with the sintering temperature (900-1400ºC) was evaluated by SEM and EDS was used to study the composition. XRD patterns as well as the density by Archimedes method were also obtained. The results indicate that master alloy addition is a suitable way to fabricate well developed titanium alloy but also to produce alloy with the desired composition, not available commercially. Density of 4.3 g/cm 3 can be obtained where a temperature higher than 1200ºC is needed for the complete diffusion of the alloying elements. Flexural properties comparable to those specified for wrought Ti-6Al-4V medical devices are, generally, obtained.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical behaviour of pressed and sintered titanium alloys obtained from master alloy addition powders

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

Esteban

Ruiz-Navas

et al. 2012

“…This high cost is principally due to the high affinity of titanium for oxygen and other interstitial elements (nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon) which are difficult to eliminate and, even if present in a relative low percentage, modify significantly the mechanical properties (Lütjering, 2003;Donachie, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of vacuum hot-pressed titanium and Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

Ruiz-Navas

Neubauer

et al. 2012

Mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of vacuum hot-pressed titanium and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, May 2012, v. 9, p. 91-99, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.01.015 © Elsevier 2012Graphical Abstract > Hot-pressing is used to make almost fully dense titanium and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy. > Study of the bending properties of elemental titanium and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy. > Study of the interaction between titanium and processing tools. > Microstructural evolution of the materials with the processing temperature. increases. This is due to the interaction with the BN coated mould and leads to the formation of a reacted layer in the surface, composed by different titanium compounds, which greatly affect the mechanical properties. Nevertheless, the removal of this reacted layer leads to an important improvement of the ductility, especially for elemental titanium.

“…Titanium and its alloys present an attractive combination of properties, especially due to their superior biocompatibility and corrosion resistance in conjunction with low density and an elastic modulus that is more similar to that of the human bones (Niinomi, 1998). Titanium was first considered for biomedical applications in the 1950s (Lütjering and Williams, 2003;Donachie, 1988), especially the Ti-6Al-4V alloy.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical behaviour of pressed and sintered CP Ti and Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy obtained from master alloy addition powder

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

Weissgaerber²,

Kieback³

et al. 2013

The Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was obtained using the blending elemental approach with a master alloy and elemental titanium powders. Both the elemental titanium and the Ti-6Al-7Nb powders were characterised using X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis and dilatometry. The powders were processed using the conventional powder metallurgy route that includes uniaxial pressing and sintering. The trend of the relative density with the sintering temperature and the microstructural evolution of the materials sintered at different temperatures were analysed using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. A minimum sintering temperature of 1200ºC has to be used to ensure the homogenisation of the alloying elements and to obtain a pore structure composed of spherical pores. The sintered samples achieve relative density values that are typical for powder metallurgy titanium and no intermetallic phases were detected. Mechanical properties comparable to those specified for wrought Ti-6Al-7Nb medical devices are normally obtained. Therefore, the produced materials are promising candidates for load bearing applications as implant materials.