Titanate nanotubes covalently bonded sulfamic acid as a heterogeneous catalyst for highly efficient conversion of levulinic acid into n-butyl levulinate biofuels

Zhou, Shuolin; Long, Min; Wu, Lu; Lei, Min; Bai, Junzhuo; Huang, Keying; Liu, XianXiang; Yin, Daqiang

doi:10.1007/s13399-022-03179-5

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The successful sulfonation on the surface of the SiO 2 @(CH 2 ) 3 /AT can be confi rmed based on the vibrations at 1000 -1300 cm -1 [32]. The stretching vibration of SOH bonds at 1070 cm -1 and the vibrational modes of N-SO 2 bond at 1088 overlapped with a broad peak at 1080 -1262 those of strong Si-O-Si [33][34][35][36]. That attributed interaction of the sulfuric acid groups on the surface SiO 2 @(CH 2 ) 3 /AT (Figure 1d).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A efficient, regioselective and solvent free synthesis of 5,9-dihydropyrimido[4,5-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6,8(4H,7H)-diones derivatives in presence nanocatalyst sulfuric acid grafted with silica-3-aminotriazol

Arezoo,

Bahador,

Mahnaz

2024

Open Journal of Chemistry

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In this research, SO3H-functionalized Silica grafted 3-amino triazol has been prepared and identified through FT-IR, XRD, EDX, Fe-SEM, and TGA spectra. 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane was first reacted with silica nanoparticles and then treated with 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazoles and grafted finally with chlorosulfonic acid to prepare SiO2@(CH2)3-AT/SO3H (SNPS-AT/SO3H). Afterward, the catalytic efficiency has been investigated as a homogeneous and recyclable catalyst for the solvent-free synthesis of 5,9-dihydropyrimido[4,5-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6,8(4H,7H)-diones by the one-pot multi-component reaction of aromatic aldehydes with 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazoles and 1,3-dimethyl barbituric acid under thermal (100 °C) conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A efficient, regioselective and solvent free synthesis of 5,9-dihydropyrimido[4,5-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6,8(4H,7H)-diones derivatives in presence nanocatalyst sulfuric acid grafted with silica-3-aminotriazol

Arezoo,

Bahador,

Mahnaz

2024

Open Journal of Chemistry

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“…This can be explained by the reaction reaching an equilibrium state and the excessive acidic sites were not necessary, resulting in a marginal increase in LA conversion. Furthermore, a high dosage of catalyst will limit the mass transfer rate, leading to lower catalytic activity [ 34 , 56 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, the development of green and environmentally friendly, benign heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of LEs from LA would be highly desirable and required [ 26 , 27 ]. Recently, various heterogeneous catalysts including zirconium phosphate [ 28 ], sulfonated mesoporous carbon [ 29 ], methane sulfonic acid [ 30 ], ion-exchange resins [ 31 ], sulfonic acid-functionalized materials [ 32 , 33 , 34 ], heteropolyacids [ 35 , 36 , 37 ], and biocatalysts [ 38 , 39 ] have been employed to catalytic LA to produce LEs. However, some heterogeneous catalysts often suffer from the complex catalyst preparation process, the severe leaching of catalytic active species, and an unstable catalyst structure during the esterification reaction process, which limits their use in practical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Esterification of Levulinic Acid into the Biofuel n-Butyl Levulinate over Nanosized TiO2 Particles

Zhou

Bai

et al. 2022

Nanomaterials

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Levulinic esters, synthesized by the esterification of biomass-derived levulinic acid with various alcohols, is an important chemical that plays an essential role in the fields of biomass fuel additives, organic synthesis, and high value-added products. In the present work, the catalytic esterification of levulinic acid with n-butyl alcohol was selected as a typical model reaction to investigate the catalytic performance of an inexpensive commercial catalyst, titanium oxide nanoparticles. The influences of reaction time, reaction temperature, and catalyst loading on the conversion of levulinic acid to n-butyl levulinate were systematically examined through single-factor experiments. Additionally, the optimization of the reaction conditions was further investigated by a Box–Behnken design in response to the surface methodology. The desired product, n-butyl levulinate, with a good yield (77.6%) was achieved under the optimal conditions (reaction time of 8 h, reaction temperature of 120 °C, and catalyst dosage of 8.6 wt.%) when using titanium oxide nanoparticles as catalysts. Furthermore, it was found that addition of water to the catalytic system facilitated the reaction process, to some extent. This study reveals that the nanosized TiO2 material, as an efficient solid acid catalyst, had good catalytic performance and stability for the esterification of levulinic acid after six consecutive uses.

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Levulinic Acid Esterification with n-Butanol over a Preyssler Catalyst in a Microwave-Assisted Batch Reactor: A Kinetic Study

Gallego-Villada,

Alarcón,

Cerrutti

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A Preyssler-type heteropolyacid supported on silica, synthesized and characterized by FTIR, was tested for levulinic acid (LA) esterification with n-butanol under microwave-assisted batch reaction conditions. The optimal conditions were found to be 40 mg of catalyst, a 5:1 n-butanol/LA molar ratio at 160 °C and 3 h, resulting in 77% conversion with 100% selectivity. The catalytic effect was observed at low temperatures (100 °C), and the microwave effect was observed at high temperatures (160 °C). Yield to levulinate was improved (82%) with CuSO 4 as a dehydrating agent. A kinetic study using a pseudohomogeneous reversible model (PH, E Forward = 31.60 kJ mol −1 and E Reverse = 11.53 kJ mol −1 ) and a Eley−Rideal model (ER, E = 31.06 kJ mol −1 ) provided the best fitting to the experimental data. The Preyssler-based catalyst has potential for sustainable synthesis of n-butyl levulinate, a promising fuel additive and can be used at least five times without a loss of activity.

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Titanate nanotubes covalently bonded sulfamic acid as a heterogeneous catalyst for highly efficient conversion of levulinic acid into n-butyl levulinate biofuels

Cited by 3 publications

References 76 publications

A efficient, regioselective and solvent free synthesis of 5,9-dihydropyrimido[4,5-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6,8(4H,7H)-diones derivatives in presence nanocatalyst sulfuric acid grafted with silica-3-aminotriazol

A efficient, regioselective and solvent free synthesis of 5,9-dihydropyrimido[4,5-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6,8(4H,7H)-diones derivatives in presence nanocatalyst sulfuric acid grafted with silica-3-aminotriazol

Catalytic Esterification of Levulinic Acid into the Biofuel n-Butyl Levulinate over Nanosized TiO2 Particles

Levulinic Acid Esterification with n-Butanol over a Preyssler Catalyst in a Microwave-Assisted Batch Reactor: A Kinetic Study

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