Titanate biomaterials with enhanced antiinflammatory properties

Abstract

While titanium implants are generally recognized as having excellent biocompatibility, the mechanistic basis for this has yet to be established. We previously demonstrated that TiO2, found on surfaces of titanium, has antioxidant properties that degrade the reactive oxygen species (ROS) which mediate the inflammatory response. We hypothesized that the antioxidant mechanism was similar to that known to mediate photocatalysis by titanium oxides. Specifically, we investigated whether the electronic or valence state of the surface titanium atoms mediates the catalytic degradation of ROS. Surface Ti(IV) atoms in TiO2 and SrTiO3 single crystal substrates were converted into Ti(III) while maintaining the bulk crystalline structure by vacuum annealing or Niobium doping. The degradation of both chemically-induced and neutrophil-derived ROS were significantly increased by changing the valence state of surface titanium. These results suggest that titanium-mediated degradation of ROS is through a catalytic mechanism. Furthermore, we describe a series of novel biomaterials that have antioxidant properties superior to those of titanium.

Cytokine induction of sol–gel-derived TiO₂ and SiO₂ coatings on metallic substrates after implantation to rat femur

“…[39][40][41][42] Data presented in this paper suggest better cytokine reduction of TiO 2 coatings on Ti6Al4V and SS, which was consistent to other authors' findings on inflammatory response. There are no reports of comparative analysis between these layers in the literature available.…”

“…According to the study of Contreras et al, titanium oxide reduces the level of reactive oxygen species (free radicals), both neutrophilic and of chemical origin. 42 Another contribution may be the fact that SiO 2 layer has inferior stability than TiO 2 , and it is a partially degradable material, releasing the particles to the environment. 43 The strength of the study is that the analysis was conducted in bone tissue, an environment of the final implant, thus providing information concerned with the target tissue.…”

Materials directed to implants for repairing Central Nervous System

“…The increase of Ti 3+ concentration in the TiO 2 samples, by doping or thermal treatment increases the neutralization activity of the radicals respect to un-changed TiO 2 (33). TiO 2 defects, as Ti 3+ formed from Ti 4+ to compensate oxygen vacancies, play and important role in the neutralization mechanism of radical species.…”

“…This TiO 2 layer formed blocks the oxidation reaction protecting the metal from an irremediable dissolution (32). Studies have demonstrated that this TiO 2 nanometric film created is responsible of the high biocompatibility of the materials; it is able to neutralize free radicals produced during the inflammatory process associated to the implant procedure (33).…”

A Comparison Of Il-1β, E2 (Pge2), Pai-2 and Tnf-Α Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (Gcf) and Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid (Picf) from Groups of Patients with Healthy Teeth, Healthy Implants, Periodontitis and Peri-Implantitis

“…However, IL-1a and IL-1ß may be the principal inflammatoninduced cytokines stimulating bone resorption in periodontitis [8][9][10]. In peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF), higher levels of IL-1ß have been associated with peri-implantitis [11][12][13][14][15].…”