Tissue Transfer Techniques in the Management of Urethral Stricture Disease: Flaps and Grafts

Abstract

The ability to use different flaps and grafts is critical in the successful management of complex urethral strictures. Intimate knowledge of relevant anatomy and principles of tissue transfer are necessary to optimize outcomes. Here, we briefly review these principles and discuss a variety of techniques commonly used by reconstructive urologists depending on stricture length, stricture location, presence or absence of intact corpus spongiosum, and availability of healthy penile skin. We present our algorithms for flap or graft choice and review the pertinent literature supporting their uses.