Tissue-specificity and phylogenetics of Pl-MT mRNA during Paracentrotus lividus embryogenesis

Russo, Roberta; Zito, Francesca; Matranga, Valeria

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2013.01.063

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…2A, B ). Our results are partially in accordance with studies by Russo et al [ 27 , 28 ] in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus , where a low expression rate of MT mRNA in eggs or embryos at the eight cells and morula stages was reported. On the other hand, the absence of CuMT gene expression in C .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…3 ). Russo et al [ 28 ] attributed high levels of gene expression at the onset of the gastrulation stage of the sea urchin P . lividus to an increased requirement of MT mRNA due to the organization of new tissue territories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…aspersus , the gradual rise of MT isoform gene transcription over time of development of unexposed embryos proves the significance of constitutive MT gene expression, suggesting an important role of the three MT isoforms during the snail embryogenesis. For the very first stages of sea urchin embryogenesis, Russo et al [ 28 ] suggested a possible role of maternal MT mRNA supplies during oogenesis, giving rise to the early ability of MT expression in sea urchin embryos. Such a maternal MT mRNA stock might be used by the embryos for the purpose of metal homeostasis during early development when a high level of essential metals is needed to cope with the requirements of rapid DNA synthesis and metabolic activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential Expression of Metallothionein Isoforms in Terrestrial Snail Embryos Reflects Early Life Stage Adaptation to Metal Stress

et al. 2015

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The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of three metallothionein (MT) isoform genes (CdMT, CuMT and Cd/CuMT), already known from adults, in the Early Life Stage (ELS) of Cantareus aspersus. This was accomplished by detection of the MT isoform-specific transcription adopting Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification and quantitative Real Time (qRT)-PCR of the three MT genes. Freshly laid eggs were kept for 24 hours under control conditions or exposed to three cadmium (Cd) solutions of increasing concentration (5, 10, and 15 mg Cd/L). The transcription of the three MT isoform genes was detected via PCR in 1, 6 and 12-day-old control or Cd-exposed embryos. Moreover, the transcription of this isoform genes during development was followed by qRT-PCR in 6 and 12-day-old embryos. Our results showed that the CdMT and Cd/CuMT genes, but not the CuMT gene, are expressed in embryos at the first day of development. The transcription of the 3 MT genes in control embryos increased with development time, suggesting that the capacities of metal regulation and detoxification may have gradually increased throughout embryogenesis. However in control embryos, the most highly expressed MT gene was that of the Cd/CuMT isoform, whose transcription levels greatly exceeded those of the other two MT genes. This contrasts with the minor significance of this gene in adult snails and suggests that in embryos, this isoform may play a comparatively more important role in metal physiology compared to adult individuals. This function in adult snails appears not to be related to Cd detoxification. Instead, snail embryos responded to Cd exposure by over-expression of the CdMT gene in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas the expression of the Cd/CuMT gene remained unaffected. Moreover, our study demonstrates the ability of snail embryos to respond very early to Cd exposure by up-regulation of the CdMT gene.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential Expression of Metallothionein Isoforms in Terrestrial Snail Embryos Reflects Early Life Stage Adaptation to Metal Stress

et al. 2015

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“…As a consequence, veterinary sciences have recently focused on myriad unconventional species spread along the phylogenetic tree. The animal evolutionary tree is still under debate and molecular techniques are often used to explore a large number of sequences, including those of MTs, to analyze the relationships among different species [20,21]. Our review adopted an evolutionary approach, presenting data on selected species from the main Protostomia phyla, Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda and Mollusca.…”

Section: Unconventional Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallothioneins, Unconventional Proteins from Unconventional Animals: A Long Journey from Nematodes to Mammals

2014

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Metallothioneins (MTs) are ubiquitous low molecular weight cysteine-rich proteins characterized by high affinity for d10 electron configuration metals, including essential (Zn and Cu) and non-essential (Cd and Hg) trace elements. The biological role of these ancient and well-conserved multifunctional proteins has been debated since MTs were first discovered in 1957. Their main hypothesized functions are: (1) homeostasis of Zn and Cu; (2) detoxification of Cd, and Hg; and (3) free radical scavenging. This review will focus on MTs in unconventional animals, those not traditionally studied in veterinary medicine but of increasing interest in this field of research. Living in different environments, these animals represent an incredible source of physiological and biochemical adaptations still partly unexplored. The study of metal-MT interactions is of great interest for clinicians and researchers working in veterinary medicine, food quality and endangered species conservation.

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“…Indeed, MT7 and MT8 are expressed under physiological conditions at different levels and in different tissues (see also [58]), besides they respond relatively little and differently from each other to metal overload.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallothionein Gene Family in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus: Gene Structure, Differential Expression and Phylogenetic Analysis

Ragusa

Nicosia

Costa

et al. 2017

IJMS

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Metallothioneins (MT) are small and cysteine-rich proteins that bind metal ions such as zinc, copper, cadmium, and nickel. In order to shed some light on MT gene structure and evolution, we cloned seven Paracentrotus lividus MT genes, comparing them to Echinodermata and Chordata genes. Moreover, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of 32 MTs from different classes of echinoderms and 13 MTs from the most ancient chordates, highlighting the relationships between them. Since MTs have multiple roles in the cells, we performed RT-qPCR and in situ hybridization experiments to understand better MT functions in sea urchin embryos. Results showed that the expression of MTs is regulated throughout development in a cell type-specific manner and in response to various metals. The MT7 transcript is expressed in all tissues, especially in the stomach and in the intestine of the larva, but it is less metal-responsive. In contrast, MT8 is ectodermic and rises only at relatively high metal doses. MT5 and MT6 expression is highly stimulated by metals in the mesenchyme cells. Our results suggest that the P. lividus MT family originated after the speciation events by gene duplications, evolving developmental and environmental sub-functionalization.

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Tissue-specificity and phylogenetics of Pl-MT mRNA during Paracentrotus lividus embryogenesis

Cited by 10 publications

References 44 publications

Differential Expression of Metallothionein Isoforms in Terrestrial Snail Embryos Reflects Early Life Stage Adaptation to Metal Stress

Differential Expression of Metallothionein Isoforms in Terrestrial Snail Embryos Reflects Early Life Stage Adaptation to Metal Stress

Metallothioneins, Unconventional Proteins from Unconventional Animals: A Long Journey from Nematodes to Mammals

Metallothionein Gene Family in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus: Gene Structure, Differential Expression and Phylogenetic Analysis

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