Tissue‐specific endothelial cells: a promising approach for augmentation of soft tissue repair in orthopedics

Abstract

Biologics are playing an increasingly significant role in the practice of modern medicine and surgery in general and orthopedics in particular. Cell-based approaches are among the most important and widely used modalities in orthopedic biologics, with mesenchymal stem cells and other multi/pluripotent cells undergoing evaluation in numerous preclinical and clinical studies. On the other hand, fully differentiated endothelial cells (ECs) have been found to perform critical roles in homeostasis of visceral tissues through production of an adaptive panel of so-called "angiocrine factors." This newly discovered function of ECs renders them excellent candidates for novel approaches in cell-based biologics. Here, we present a review of the role of ECs and angiocrine factors in some visceral tissues, followed by an overview of current cell-based approaches and a discussion of the potential applications of ECs in soft tissue repair.

Genetic lineage tracing of targeted cell populations during enthesis healing

“…While there have been numerous excellent studies of rotator cuff degeneration/injuries in rats, genetic perturbations are difficult to achieve in rats due to the paucity of available molecular tools. Recently, a few groups established models of clinically relevant supraspinatus tendon injuries in the mouse, thus opening the door for mechanistic studies enabled by the wide array of genetic tools available for mouse.…”

The more critical murderer of atherosclerosis than lipid metabolism: chronic stress

“…At the same time, it is the target treatment point for preventing cerebrovascular disease. Vascular endothelial cells not only have a barrier function and endocrine and immune activity, but also play an critical role in the development of atherosclerotic pathophysiology [ 21 ]. This includes involvement in vasoconstriction and vasodilation, which can control blood pressure, coagulation, fibrinolysis, atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, and material exchange.…”

dvances of hyaluronic acid in stem cell therapy and tissue engineering, including current clinical trials

“…In this context, stem cells and tissue-specific cells were investigated as suitable cell sources for the repair of different kinds of tissues (Bardelli and Moccetti, 2017). However, current cell therapy practice is inefficient since therapeutic cells are less integrated into the tissue (Lebaschi et al, 2017). To improve cell engraftment and survival after transplantation, new compounds have been proposed as injectable and biological vehicles for delivery.…”