Tissue-specific Differentiation Potency of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Perinatal Tissues

Abstract

Human perinatal tissue is an abundant source of mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs) and lacks the ethical concerns. Perinatal MSCs can be obtained from various tissues as like amnion, chorion, and umbilical cord. Still, little is known of the distinct nature of each MSC type. In this study, we successfully isolated and cultured MSCs from amnion(AMSCs), chorion(CMSCs), and umbilical cord(UC-MSCs). Proliferation potential was different among them, that AMSCs revealed the lowest proliferation rate due to increased Annexin V and senescence-associated β-galactosidase positive cells. We demonstrated distinct characteristic gene expression according to the source of the original tissue using microarray. In particular, genes associated with apoptosis and senescence including CDKN2A were up-regulated in AMSCs. In CMSCs, genes associated with heart morphogenesis and blood circulation including HTR2B were up-regulated. Genes associated with neurological system processes including NPY were up-regulated in UC-MSCs. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed the gene expression data. And in vitro differentiation of MSCs demonstrated that CMSCs and UC-MSCs had a more pronounced ability to differentiate into cardiomyocyte and neural cells, respectively. This study firstly demonstrated the innate tissue-specific differentiation potency of perinatal MSCs which can be helpful in choosing more adequate cell sources for better outcome in a specific disease.

Epigenetic alterations in amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells derived from normal and fetus‐affected gestations: A focus on myogenic and neural differentiations

“…Our findings establish that AF‐MSCs from two AF sources differentiate into neuron‐like cells with typical morphological changes, showing trans‐differentiation potential from a mesenchymal to neural lineage despite the fact that MSCs are considered being distant from neural cells. This observation is consistent with the results from the previous studies using MSCs from prenatal tissues and amniotic fluid (Prusa et al, ; Chen et al, ; Kwon et al, ). The spontaneous expression of several neural markers (including Nestin ) in undifferentiated MSCs from various sources has been considered as an evidence of the cell predisposition to differentiate toward neural lineages (Foudah et al, ).…”

“…However, no evidence exists that AF‐MSCs from AF of fetus‐diseased gestations have the capability to neural or myogenic differentiation. Recent studies have shown that MSCs isolated from perinatal tissues can differentiate into cells of neuroectodermal lineage (Tamagawa et al, ; Kwon et al, ). MSCs derived from AF or amniotic membrane generated terminally differentiated neural cells expressing neurotransmitters, brain‐derived and nerve growth factors, which lead to bio‐delivery and regeneration of the damaged tissue (Pan et al, ; Yan et al, ; Kim et al, ; Maraldi et al, ).…”

Comparison of the paracrine activity of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord, amniotic membrane and adipose tissue

“…Human UC‐MSCs and AM‐MSCs generally fulfill the minimal criteria for the definition of MSCs. However, perinatal MSCs have previously been demonstrated to possess an innate tissue‐specific characteristic, including differentiation potency, which is genetic background independent . Results presented by Wegmeyer et al suggest that AM‐MSCa and UC‐MSCs possess weaker osteogenic and adipogenic activity in comparison to adult MSCs .…”

Cardiac Mesenchymal Stem Cells Proliferate Early in the Ischemic Heart

“…MSCs are known to be strongly involved in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis through direct differentiation as well as paracrine activities [4, 6]. Kwon et al [30] underlined the tissue-specific differentiation potential and genetic programs in MSCs. Former results from our laboratory also described different regenerative capacities of MSCs depending on their origin [3].…”