Tissue‐specific biomass recalcitrance in corn stover pretreated with liquid hot‐water: Enzymatic hydrolysis (part 1)

Zeng, Meijuan; Ximenes, Eduardo; Ladisch, Michael R.; Mosier, Nathan S.; Vermerris, Wilfred; Huang, Chia‐Ping; Sherman, Debra M.

doi:10.1002/bit.23337

Cited by 77 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…The effectiveness of enzymatic hydrolysis of leaf internodes following NaOH pretreatment further suggests that alkaline susceptible cell wall components did not have a differential effect upon leaf cell wall digestibility. Although displaying comparable yields to alkaline pretreated leaf sheaths, leaf cell walls may be more susceptible to a pretreatment that predominantly removes more polysaccharide components, such as liquid hot water pretreatment, which has shown to dramatically improve leaf digestibility [67]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of developmental stage and anatomical fraction contributions to cell wall recalcitrance in switchgrass

Crowe

Feringa

Pattathil

et al. 2017

Biotechnol Biofuels

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BackgroundHeterogeneity within herbaceous biomass can present important challenges for processing feedstocks to cellulosic biofuels. Alterations to cell wall composition and organization during plant growth represent major contributions to heterogeneity within a single species or cultivar. To address this challenge, the focus of this study was to characterize the relationship between composition and properties of the plant cell wall and cell wall response to deconstruction by NaOH pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis for anatomical fractions (stem internodes, leaf sheaths, and leaf blades) within switchgrass at various tissue maturities as assessed by differing internode.ResultsSubstantial differences in both cell wall composition and response to deconstruction were observed as a function of anatomical fraction and tissue maturity. Notably, lignin content increased with tissue maturity concurrently with decreasing ferulate content across all three anatomical fractions. Stem internodes exhibited the highest lignin content as well as the lowest hydrolysis yields, which were inversely correlated to lignin content. Confocal microscopy was used to demonstrate that removal of cell wall aromatics (i.e., lignins and hydroxycinnamates) by NaOH pretreatment was non-uniform across diverse cell types. Non-cellulosic polysaccharides were linked to differences in cell wall response to deconstruction in lower lignin fractions. Specifically, leaf sheath and leaf blade were found to have higher contents of substituted glucuronoarabinoxylans and pectic polysaccharides. Glycome profiling demonstrated that xylan and pectic polysaccharide extractability varied with stem internode maturity, with more mature internodes requiring harsher chemical extractions to remove comparable glycan abundances relative to less mature internodes. While enzymatic hydrolysis was performed on extractives-free biomass, extractible sugars (i.e., starch and sucrose) comprised a significant portion of total dry weight particularly in stem internodes, and may provide an opportunity for recovery during processing.ConclusionsCell wall structural differences within a single plant can play a significant role in feedstock properties and have the potential to be exploited for improving biomass processability during a biorefining process. The results from this work demonstrate that cell wall lignin content, while generally exhibiting a negative correlation with enzymatic hydrolysis yields, is not the sole contributor to cell wall recalcitrance across diverse anatomical fractions within switchgrass.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13068-017-0870-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of developmental stage and anatomical fraction contributions to cell wall recalcitrance in switchgrass

Crowe

Feringa

Pattathil

et al. 2017

Biotechnol Biofuels

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“…Liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment of corn stover showed pith tissue is more readily hydrolyzed than rind or leaf, and that microscopic changes occur when pretreated corn stover fractions are hydrolyzed. These studies also showed that the microscopic structures themselves do not explain differences in recalcitrance (Zeng et al, ; Zeng et al, ; Zeng et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrolysis‐determining substrate characteristics in liquid hot water pretreated hardwood

Kim

Kreke

et al. 2015

Biotech & Bioengineering

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118

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Fundamental characterization of pretreated hardwood and its interactions with cellulolytic enzymes has confirmed that a pathway exists for dramatically reducing the loading of cellulase required for hydrolysis of pretreated biomass. We demonstrate that addition of protein effecting a seven-fold decrease in the specific activity of cellulases enables a ten-fold reduction in enzyme loading while maintaining a high level of cellulose hydrolysis in pretreated hardwood. While use of protein and other additives that adsorb on lignin have been reported previously, the current work demonstrates the effect in a dramatic manner and brings the rationale for this change into clear focus. The key to this result is recognizing and mitigating the pretreatment conundrum where increasingly severe pretreatment conditions enhance accessibility of the enzymes not only to cellulose, but also to lignin. The lignin adsorbs enzyme protein causing loss of cellulase activity. More enzyme, added to compensate for this lost activity, results in a higher cellulase loading. The addition of a different protein, such as BSA, prevents cellulase adsorption on lignin and enables the enzyme itself to better target its glucan substrate. This effect dramatically reduces the amount of cellulase for a given level of conversion with enzyme loadings of 15 FPU and 1.3 FPU/g solids both achieving 80% conversion. The understanding of this phenomenon reinvigorates motivation for the search for other approaches that prevent cellulase adsorption on lignin in order to achieve high glucose yields at low enzyme loadings for pretreated lignocellulose.

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“…Separating components of corn stalk rind, stalk, and leaves, and using them for different purposes are effective ways to improve the added value of resource utilisation (Zeng et al 2012a(Zeng et al , 2012b. Corn stalk rind, as the main component of corn stalk, and showing similar fibre morphologies as wood, has high mechanical strength and is used as a substitute raw material for timber in producing nonstructural plates (He et al 2016a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability and Bonding Mechanisms of Corn Stalk Rind

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2018

BioResources

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Removing the epidermis of corn stalk rind can remarkably improve its bonding properties. This study aimed to determine the plate-making process by using intact corn stalk rind and thus utilize the crushed, removed epidermis. The thermal stability of corn stalk rind was investigated before and after removing the epidermis and gluing of the material using the hyphenated technique by simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the epidermis of corn stalk rind, from 90 °C to 200 °C, was conducive to softening the lignin in corn stalk rind and solidifying it as an adhesive. When the temperature was higher than 220 °C, the rate of weight loss rapidly increased and the thermal decomposition of hemicelluloses and cellulose in corn stalk rind after gluing was accelerated. The bonding process of corn stalk rind and adhesives is extremely complex, and intricate physical and chemical changes occur. Adhesive filled the surface cracks and depressions on the corn stalk rind, which not only improved its thermal stability, but also fixed corn stalk rind by forming connections.

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Tissue‐specific biomass recalcitrance in corn stover pretreated with liquid hot‐water: Enzymatic hydrolysis (part 1)

Cited by 77 publications

References 36 publications

Identification of developmental stage and anatomical fraction contributions to cell wall recalcitrance in switchgrass

Identification of developmental stage and anatomical fraction contributions to cell wall recalcitrance in switchgrass

Hydrolysis‐determining substrate characteristics in liquid hot water pretreated hardwood

Thermal Stability and Bonding Mechanisms of Corn Stalk Rind

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