Tissue Sodium Content and Arterial Hypertension in Obese Adolescents

Roth, Sophie; Markó, Lajos; Birukov, Anna; Hennemuth, Anja; Kühnen, Peter; Jones, Alexander; Ghorbani, Niky; Linz, Peter; Müller, Dominik N.; Wiegand, Susanna; Berger, Felix; Küehne, Titus; Kelm, Marcus

doi:10.3390/jcm8122036

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…All data were processed and analyzed in Horos by one person. Previous analyses of inter-and intra-operator variability in ROI-based measurements, however, revealed no significant differences between measurements [17,37,42]. Fig.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Along with the sub-jects´ calf, four calibration phantoms containing aqueous solutions of 10, 20, 30 and 40 mmol/L (mM) NaCl were scanned as reference standards [18]. Tissue water content was measured by 1H-MRI, using a fat-saturated inversion-prepared SE sequence (inversion time, TI = 210 ms; TA = 6.27 min; TE = 12 ms; TR = 3000 ms; FA = 90•; 1 average, resolution: 1.5 × 1.5 × 5 mm 3 ), as already conducted by other scientists [19,37].…”

Section: Mri Acquisition Protocol and Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Muscle sodium content in patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

et al. 2022

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Background Muscle fatigue and pain are key symptoms of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). Although the pathophysiology is not yet fully understood, there is ample evidence for hypoperfusion which may result in electrolyte imbalance and sodium overload in muscles. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess levels of sodium content in muscles of patients with ME/CFS and to compare these to healthy controls. Methods Six female patients with ME/CFS and six age, BMI and sex matched controls underwent 23Na-MRI of the left lower leg using a clinical 3T MR scanner before and after 3 min of plantar flexion exercise. Sodium reference phantoms with solutions of 10, 20, 30 and 40 mmol/L NaCl were used for quantification. Muscle sodium content over 40 min was measured using a dedicated plugin in the open-source DICOM viewer Horos. Handgrip strength was measured and correlated with sodium content. Results Baseline tissue sodium content was higher in all 5 lower leg muscle compartments in ME/CFS compared to controls. Within the anterior extensor muscle compartment, the highest difference in baseline muscle sodium content between ME/CFS and controls was found (mean ± SD; 12.20 ± 1.66 mM in ME/CFS versus 9.38 ± 0.71 mM in controls, p = 0.0034). Directly after exercise, tissue sodium content increased in gastrocnemius and triceps surae muscles with + 30% in ME/CFS (p = 0.0005) and + 24% in controls (p = 0.0007) in the medial gastrocnemius muscle but not in the extensor muscles which were not exercised. Compared to baseline, the increase of sodium content in medial gastrocnemius muscle was stronger in ME/CFS than in controls with + 30% versus + 17% to baseline at 12 min (p = 0.0326) and + 29% versus + 16% to baseline at 15 min (p = 0.0265). Patients had reduced average handgrip strength which was associated with increased average muscle tissue sodium content (p = 0.0319, R2 = 0.3832). Conclusion Muscle sodium content before and after exercise was higher in ME/CFS than in healthy controls. Furthermore, our findings indicate an inverse correlation between muscle sodium content and handgrip strength. These findings provide evidence that sodium overload may play a role in the pathophysiology of ME/CFS and may allow for potential therapeutic targeting.

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Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Mri Acquisition Protocol and Data Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle sodium content in patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

et al. 2022

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“…NT-proBNP levels were not normally distributed, therefore log transformed NT-proBNP levels were taken for continuous analysis within the Cox proportional hazards regression models. No methods came into operation to fill-up missing data or adjust the model for the presence of missing values 16 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contingency tables were used to compare the relative risk of PCI with first- and newer-generation DES for patients with low and elevated NT-proBNP levels. The SPSS 24.0 (IBM Corp.) was used for all statistical analyses 16 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Death is associated to the type of drug-eluting stent in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and elevated natriuretic peptide levels

Roth

Gangl

Speidl

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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As advanced heart failure (HF) with elevated NT-proBNP is characterized by an activated coagulation system, coronary events clinically noticed as sudden or HF death may be more common after treatment with first- compared to newer-generation DES. Our study evaluates (1) if patients with left ventricular dysfunction (LVSD) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention have a better survival with first- or newer-generation DES, and (2) if the survival benefit is predicted by NT-proBNP. Our observational study evaluated patients with LVSD who were registered in the coronary catheter laboratory database of the Medical University of Vienna. Multivariate Cox regression analyses tested an interaction in the risk of death between those with lower or elevated NT-proBNP levels and the stent-generation. The relative risk of newer- compared to first-generation DES as reference was calculated for patients with low and elevated NT-proBNP levels. In 340 patients (178 newer- and 162 first-generation DES) stent-generation and NT-proBNP were independent predictors of death. When the stent-generation*NTproBNP interaction was forced into a Cox regression model, this term independently predicted death. The relative risk of first- compared to newer-generation DES was similar in patients with lower NT-proBNP (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.95–1.10, p = 0.560), but was higher in patients with elevated NT-proBNP (HR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.10, p = 0.020). Death is associated to stent-generation. NT-proBNP is a predictor for the stent generation used: elevated levels demonstrated a higher mortality risk when using first- compared to newer-generation DES, while lower levels showed a similar risk when using either DES-generation.

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“…Whilst 23 Na MRI methods have been important in numerous attempts to quantify the levels of sodium in human skin non-invasively (13)(14)(15)(16), implementation of this in vivo imaging methodology in the clinical arena has yet to occur. Although elevations in skin sodium concentrations have been reported in patients with CKD and hypertension (17 18), data from such studies were obtained using whole body scanners with reported sodium levels ≤ 30 mM for various pathologies (19)(20)(21). Unfortunately, this threshold is well below that typical of ECF sodium concentration (up to 130 mM ( 22)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium in the dermis colocates to glycosaminoglycan scaffold, with diminishment in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Hanson¹,

Philp²,

Randeva³

et al. 2021

JCI Insight

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Background: Dietary sodium intake mismatches urinary sodium excretion over prolonged periods. Our aims were to localize and quantify electrostatically bound sodium within human skin using triple quantum filtered (TQF) protocols for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS), and explore dermal sodium in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D). Methods:We recruited adult participants with T2D (n=9) and euglycemic participants with no history of Diabetes Mellitus (n=8). All had undergone lower limb amputations or abdominal skin reduction surgery for clinical purposes. We used 20m in-plane resolution 1 H MRI to visualise anatomical skin regions ex vivo from skin biopsies taken intra-operatively, 23 Na TQF MRI/MRS to explore distribution and quantification of freely dissolved and bound sodium and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry to quantify sodium in selected skin samples.Results: Human dermis has a preponderance (>90%) of bound sodium that co-localizes with the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) scaffold. Bound and free sodium have similar anatomical locations. T2D associates with a severely reduced dermal bound sodium capacity. Conclusion:We provide the first evidence for high levels of bound sodium within human dermis, co-locating to the GAG scaffold, consistent with a dermal 'third space repository' for sodium. T2D associates with diminished dermal electrostatic binding capacity for sodium.

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Tissue Sodium Content and Arterial Hypertension in Obese Adolescents

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Muscle sodium content in patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Muscle sodium content in patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Death is associated to the type of drug-eluting stent in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and elevated natriuretic peptide levels

Sodium in the dermis colocates to glycosaminoglycan scaffold, with diminishment in type 2 diabetes mellitus

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