Tissue‐resident innate immunity in the lung

Ardain, Amanda; Marakalala, Mohlopheni J.; Leslie, Alasdair

doi:10.1111/imm.13143

Cited by 87 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 141 publications

(328 reference statements)

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“…AMs are the most abundant cells found in the airways in homeostatic conditions. They are self-maintaining with minimal contributions from circulating monocytes in healthy conditions (25,61,62). The first subpopulation of AMs, representing the major cell subpopulation, exerted functions involved in immune defense and response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid by Single Cell Gene Expression Analysis in Healthy Dogs: A Promising Technique

et al. 2020

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Single-cell mRNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a technique which enables unbiased, high throughput and high-resolution transcriptomic analysis of the heterogeneity of cells within a population. This recent technique has been described in humans, mice and other species in various conditions to cluster cells in populations and identify new subpopulations, as well as to study the gene expression of cells in various tissues, conditions and origins. In dogs, a species for which markers of cell populations are often limiting, scRNA-seq presents with elevated yet untested potential for the study of tissue composition. As a proof of principle, we used scRNA-seq to identify cellular populations of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in healthy dogs (n = 4). A total of 5,710 cells were obtained and analyzed by scRNA-seq. Fourteen distinct clusters of cells were identified, further identified as macrophages/monocytes (4 clusters), T cells (2 clusters) and B cells (1 cluster), neutrophils (1 cluster), mast cells (1 cluster), mature or immature dendritic cells (1 cluster each), ciliated or non-ciliated epithelial cells (1 cluster each) and cycling cells (1 cluster). We used for the first time in dogs the scRNA-seq to investigate cellular subpopulations of the BALF of dog. This study hence expands our knowledge on dog lung immune cell populations, paves the way for the investigation at single-cell level of lower respiratory diseases in dogs, and establishes that scRNA-seq is a powerful tool for the study of dog tissue composition.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid by Single Cell Gene Expression Analysis in Healthy Dogs: A Promising Technique

et al. 2020

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“…The asthmatic virome was characterised by increased occurrence, richness and diversity of eukaryotic viruses. Since there is no reason to assume that exposure of children with asthma to viruses is governed by different epidemiological characteristics than healthy individuals, this could reflect differential levels of viral control through immune competence [65][66][67] ; it is possible that asthmatics fail to clear eukaryotic viruses as efficiently as healthy children, allowing viruses to persist in the airways at low levels during asymptomatic periods. This may also explain a differential threshold for susceptibility to viral infection in asthma 68 .…”

Section: Dysbiotic Structure Of the Asthmatic Viromementioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophage deficiency characterizes respiratory virome dysbiosis in childhood asthma

Megremis

Constantinides

Xepapadaki

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Asthma development and persistence is tightly linked to respiratory viruses. Viral presence is usually interrogated with targeted approaches during periods of disease activity and/or infections, thus neglecting viral occurrence during steady states. We investigate the virome in the upper respiratory system of healthy and asthmatic preschool children during asymptomatic/non-infection periods using metagenomics. Children with asthma have a characteristically dysbiotic virome that correlates to disease severity and control. The major component of dysbiosis is bacteriophage deficiency, while eukaryotic viral presence is increased. At the metacommunity level, differential virus species co-occurrence patterns suggest a decrease of the microbiota community resilience in asthma. Viral dysbiosis is therefore a key characteristic of asthma pathophysiology.

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“…Additionally, diverse lung resident innate immune cells patrol the lung (10). The majority of tissue resident phagocytes at steady state are alveolar macrophages (AMs).…”

Section: Introduction Pulmonary Immune Response To Infection Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AMs serve as critical first responders that are required to both regulate signaling and carry out effector functions necessary to control bacterial infections of the lung. They are responsible for clearance of dead cells, debris, pathogens and inhaled particulates (10). In addition, AMs play important functions in maintaining homeostasis of the lung and promoting tissue repair through paracrine cell signaling (11).…”

Section: Introduction Pulmonary Immune Response To Infection Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive Cell Death Interactions in Pulmonary Infection: Host Modulation Versus Pathogen Manipulation

2020

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In the context of pulmonary infection, both hosts and pathogens have evolved a multitude of mechanisms to regulate the process of host cell death. The host aims to rapidly induce an inflammatory response at the site of infection, promote pathogen clearance, quickly resolve inflammation, and return to tissue homeostasis. The appropriate modulation of cell death in respiratory epithelial cells and pulmonary immune cells is central in the execution of all these processes. Cell death can be either inflammatory or anti-inflammatory depending on regulated cell death (RCD) modality triggered and the infection context. In addition, diverse bacterial pathogens have evolved many means to manipulate host cell death to increase bacterial survival and spread. The multitude of ways that hosts and bacteria engage in a molecular tug of war to modulate cell death dynamics during infection emphasizes its relevance in host responses and pathogen virulence at the host pathogen interface. This narrative review outlines several current lines of research characterizing bacterial pathogen manipulation of host cell death pathways in the lung. We postulate that understanding these interactions and the dynamics of intracellular and extracellular bacteria RCD manipulation, may lead to novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of intractable respiratory infections.

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Tissue‐resident innate immunity in the lung

Cited by 87 publications

References 141 publications

Characterization of the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid by Single Cell Gene Expression Analysis in Healthy Dogs: A Promising Technique

Characterization of the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid by Single Cell Gene Expression Analysis in Healthy Dogs: A Promising Technique

Bacteriophage deficiency characterizes respiratory virome dysbiosis in childhood asthma

Competitive Cell Death Interactions in Pulmonary Infection: Host Modulation Versus Pathogen Manipulation

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