Tissue reorganization of rat adrenal cortex induced by hypoxia and its correction with nandrolone

Abstract

Acute hypoxia has a pronounced catabolic effect, whereas repeated hypoxic episodes promote hypertrophy of the adrenal cortex. Steroid hyperproduction caused by stress reaction after single hypoxic episode persists after repeated hypoxic episodes. The relations between vessels and parenchyma play the key role in spatial reorganization of the adrenal cortex. Increased volume and surface-volume ratios between sinusoids and adrenocorticocytes point to the enhancement of transcapillary exchange and can be regarded as an adaptive compensatory reaction on the tissue level. Nandrolone decreases antianabolic and stress effects of hypoxia, thus potentiating compensatory adaptive reactions both after single and repeated hypoxic episodes.Key Words: adrenal cortex; hypoxia; nandrolone; morphology; stereology There are ample data concerning hypoxia and changes in tissues and organs caused by inadequate oxygen supply [1,5,7]. From biological point of view, hypoxia can be regarded as a stress factor, therefore oxygen deficiency induces unspecific stress reaction in the organism [8,10]. An important component of this reaction is activation of the adrenals and enhanced hormone synthesis and secretion. This strain combined with negative effect of oxygen deficiency on energy supply of biosynthetic processes in adrenocorticocytes (ACC) results in significant structural and functional changes in this organ and secretory insufficiency.Recently, the possibitity of correcting hypoxic states with antihypoxants of different origin attracted attention of many authors [6,7,11 ]. However, hypoxiainduced morphological changes in the adrenal glands, particularly, spatial reorganization of the main tissue components, and the possibility of correcting these changes are not completely elucidated.

Stress-associated radiation effects in pygmy wood mouseApodemus uralensis(Muridae, Rodentia) populations from the East-Urals Radioactive Trace

“…Among the stereotypical morpho-functional changes, there is a reduction in lipid saturation of the adrenocortical cells as a result of internal steroidogenesis induction (Koldysheva et al, 2005;Molodykh et al, 1999). In our study, delipidisation of the adrenocortical cells occurred with increasing population size, along with a decline in the lipid/protein ratio in the adrenal gland, whereas the increase in the TBARS concentration indicates an intensification of LPO as the main mechanism for the mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid synthesis (Nakamura et al, 1966).…”

Morphogenesis of Adaptation and Compensatory Reactions in Mouse Adrenals during Restitution after Thermal Exposure

“…Address for correspondence: pathol@soramn.ru. L. M. NepomnyashchikhThe outcome of adaptive and compensatory processes after extreme exposure, including whole-body hyperthermia, largely depends on the reliability of the adrenal system function, specifically, on the intensity of changes and regeneratory processes in different layers of the adrenal cortex and medulla [2,5,6,11].Studies of the mechanisms of physiological and reparative regeneration of the adrenal glands was for a long time focused on the search for location of proliferating adrenocorticocytes (ACC) and modes of newly formed cells transposition to sites of their damage and death [2,3,12,13]. Evaluation of the intensity of ACC death and elimination and the possibility of complete restitution of all morphofunctional compartments of the adrenal during and after exposure to extreme environmental factors is essential for evaluation of the adrenal regeneratory potential.…”

“…The outcome of adaptive and compensatory processes after extreme exposure, including whole-body hyperthermia, largely depends on the reliability of the adrenal system function, specifically, on the intensity of changes and regeneratory processes in different layers of the adrenal cortex and medulla [2,5,6,11].…”