Tissue Reactions to Heterogenic and Allogeneic Acellular Dermal Matrix Mesh Placed in the Vesicovaginal Space in a Rabbit Model

Abstract

Background and Aim: This study is aimed at investigating the tissue reactions of heterogenic and allogeneic acellular dermal matrix (ADM) mesh implanted in the vesicovaginal space in a rabbit model. Methods: Twenty eight rabbits were implanted with heterogenic or allogeneic mesh, respectively, in the vesicovaginal space, and 4 served as the no-implantation control group. Rabbits were sacrificed at 7, 30, and 90 days after implantation. Histopathological study and immunohistochemical examination for collagen were performed. Results: Heterogenic but not allogeneic mesh was identifiable at 90 days. In the allogeneic group, neovascularization was observed from day 7 after implantation. A chronic inflammatory reaction was noted in the heterogenic group at 30 days that decreased at 90 days. Inflammation was less in the allogeneic group, but giant cells and fibroblasts were present. With respect to collagen, the heterogenic mesh remained structurally unchanged at 90 days, while new collagen fibers were observed in the allogeneic group from day 7. Conclusion: The immunological outcomes of heterogenic and allogeneic ADM mesh are different. Heterogenic mesh induces a chronic inflammatory reaction at day 30 after implantation, and maintains its original form longer. Allogeneic mesh is associated with new collagen generation, but degrades earlier.

Comparison of a human acellular dermal matrix and a polypropylene mesh for pelvic floor reconstruction: a randomized trial study in a rabbit model

“…Six months after implantation, the control (PP) group showed an inflammatory response located mainly at the epithelial level (focal response), and mainly mediated by TL; however, in the experimental group, a heterogeneous chronic rejection response with scattered invasion of inflammatory cells was observed. Our results coincide with those previously reported by Ying Yao et al with heterogenic meshes 21 .…”

“…In the study group, the collagen fibers were more structured and organized, which translates into better tissue integration. This maintenance of the collagen structure was previously observed by Ying Yao et al in heterogenic meshes 21 . In terms of biomechanical properties, this study shows that stiffness of explants diminished 6 months after implantation, especially in the vaginal location, for the study group.…”

Comparison of a human acellular dermal matrix and a polypropylene mesh for pelvic floor reconstruction: a randomized trial study in a rabbit model

“…with heterogenic meshes. 21 The immunological response differed depending on the implant location (vaginal or abdominal), in line with previous reports. 19 Our study shows a greater immune response to foreign bodies in the vaginal location compared to the abdominal area in both groups; 9/18 animals studied presented an in ammatory response at the vaginal level and only 5 at the abdominal level.…”

“…This maintenance of the collagen structure was previously observed by Ying Yao et al in heterogenic meshes. 21 In terms of biomechanical properties, this study shows that stiffness of explants diminished 6 months after implantation, especially in the vaginal location, for the study group. These results are probably due to the integration and partial degradation of the explants, predominantly in the vaginal location.…”

Pre-culture of adipose-derived stem cells and heterologous acellular dermal matrix: paracrine functions promote post-implantation neovascularization and attenuate inflammatory response

“…However, the structure of ADM is so compact that it takes a long time for ADM to be recellularized and revascularized [7,8]. Moreover, despite not having any immunogenic cell components that can lead an immunological rejection, heterologous ADM can still cause chronic inflammatory responses after implantation, which may be related to the decellularization process and the species origin [9]. Delayed vascularization and host inflammatory response to PADM after implantation in vivo are two major limitations to the clinical application of heterologous ADM.…”