Tissue reaction to sericite and shale dusts treated with hydrochloric acid: An experimental investigation on the lungs of rats

King, E. J.; Gilchrist, Margaret; Rae, Michelle

doi:10.1002/path.1700590138

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…They did not find any progression of the collagen formation at 12 months. Sahu et al (46) found no progression of reticulin fiber formation between 150 and 210 d. This result was also observed by King et al (27); however, mica treated with hydrochloric acid induced a nodular reaction within five weeks with increasing reticulin formation up to 15 months later.…”

Section: Intratracheal Instillationsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…(46) reported an additional proliferation of fibroblasts and reticulin fibers. In this period proliferation of fibroblasts and reticulin fibers was also reported by King et al (27). Le Bouffant et al (32) and Martin et al (36) reported collagen formation in this period, but far less than induced by quartz.…”

Section: General Surveymentioning

confidence: 55%

“…In a review of experimental studies of mica (20,26,27,38,58,60), Parkes (40) concluded that there is no evidence that mica induces pneumoconiosis.…”

Section: Experimental Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mica pneumoconiosis--a literature review.

Skulberg¹,

Gylseth²,

Skaug³

et al. 1985

Scand J Work Environ Health

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This article in PubMed: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3890162 Scand J Work Environ Health 11 (1985) 11 (1985) 65-74. Sixty-six cases of mica pneumoconiosis have been reported in the literature. Twenty-six of the cases suggest that pneumoconiosis may be caused by pure mica alone. In only six cases the diagnosis was based on clinical examination, radiography, and lung biopsy or autopsy results. In one of these six, doubt was raised by the authors about the purity of the mica exposure. Seven epidemiologic studieshave been performed among mica-processing workers, and these studies are all cross-sectional. In addition 30 experimental investigations have been carried out. However, there are no controlled inhalation studies among them. The results from the intratracheal instillation studies do not give a unanimous conclusion as to whether pure mica is fibrogenic or not. Present knowledge suggests that pure mica is moderately toxic and may induce pneumoconiosis. Exposure to mica is usually associated with exposure to other minerals such as quartz and feldspar. REVIEWS

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Section: Intratracheal Instillationsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: General Surveymentioning

confidence: 55%

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Mica pneumoconiosis--a literature review.

Skulberg¹,

Gylseth²,

Skaug³

et al. 1985

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…The dust suspension was injected into the lungs of the animals intratracheally following the technique of Kettle and Hilton (1932), modified by Belt and King (1945), King, Gilchrist, and Rae (1947) and King, Harrison, and Ray (1949). The rats were anaesthetized lightly with ether and the trachea was exposed by blunt dissection.…”

Section: British Journal Of Industrial Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

The Action of Different Forms of Pure Silica on the Lungs of Rats

King¹,

Mohanty²,

Harrison³

et al. 1953

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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Pure silica (SiO, ) exists at room temperature in the four different modifications: quartz, tridymite, cristobalite, and fused silica. The first three are crystalline, but fused silica is a non-crystalline solid, a glass. Tridymite, cristobalite, and fused silica are metastable, but at room temperature they do not invert within measurable time to the only thermodynamically stable modification, quartz.It can be regarded as proven that quartz can produce tissue changes in the lungs of animals similar to those found in human silicosis. It was also thought up to quite recently that silica was unique in producing such changes. Experiments with r-and 1-quartz (King, Rogers, Gilchrist, and Nagelschmidt, 1945) had shown that there was no difference in the action of either of the optically active forms from the effect of the racemic type.It was thought desirable next to test the effect of the four different modifications of silica under comparable conditions. The only previous information in this field came from Gardner (1938) who had injected rabbits by the ear vein with 1 g. lots and had found progressive nodular fibrosis of the liver with quartz and fused silica, but a more severe diffuse fibrosis with cristobalite and a still more rapid reaction with tridymite which resulted in the death of all his animals within three months or less. Gardner stated that his samples were analysed and were all below 3 micron diameter, but he did not give any results of analyses or counts.We decided to make comparable sized fractions of the four silica modifications and to use them for intratracheal injection into rats in order to study the effect of the crystal structure on the type and amount of tissue reaction. Cristobalite.* -Cristobalite was prepared by heating Loch Aline sand for one hour at 16200 C. without using any flux.Tridymite.*-Tridymite was prepared by dissolving the glassy impurities from a silica cement, which had had long service at approximately 13800 C. in a gas retort house. Fused Silica.-Fused silica was obtained from the Thermal Syndicate. It had been made from pure quartz crystals from Madagascar.The Belgian glass sand contained 99-2% silica and the other materials 99-5% or more by chemical analysis.Fractions below 2 microns were prepared from the four samples by repeated sedimentation in water. Before this was done the cristobalite, tridymite, and the fused silica were ground in a mechanically driven agate mortar.Chemical analyses, solubilities, and size distributions of the samples are given in Table 1. Fig. 1A shows x-ray diffraction diagrams and B, C, D, and E show electron micrographs of the samples. The diffraction diagrams agree with those given in the literature, and there is no indication of contamination by other silica modifications, except for the tridymite, which shows the strongest quartz line at 3.340 A as a very faint line, indicating 0-5 to 3% of quartz. Preparation of Dust SuspensionsAmounts of 2 g. of the individual dusts (fused silica, quartz, cristobalite, and tridymite) were weighed into 10...

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“…Although it is not clear from Agricola's description whether or not consumption refers specifically to tuberculosis or more generally to pneumoconiosis, it is interesting to note that the links both between dust exposure and tuberculosis and between dust exposure and pneumoconiosis were borne out in later studies, induding work 400 years later by King and co-workers (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). By the time of King and co-workers, it was generally recognized that inhaled minerals can initiate a number of responses, including the formation of ferruginous bodies (9)(10)(11)(12), fibrosis (3,4,(6)(7)(8)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17), and shortly thereafter carcinogenesis (18)(19)(20)(21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral Properties and Their Contributions to Particle Toxicity

Guthrie¹

1997

Environmental Health Perspectives

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It has been recognized since at least as early as the mid-1500s that inhaled minerals (i.e., inorganic particles) can pose a risk. Extensive research has focused on the biological mechanisms responsible for asbestos-and silica-induced diseases, but much less attention has been paid to the mineralogical properties and geochemical mechanisms that might influence a mineral's biological activity. Several important mineralogical characteristics control a mineral's reactivity in geochemical reactions and are likely to determine its biological reactivity. In addition to the traditionally considered variables of particle size and shape, mineralogical characteristics such as dissolution behavior, ion exchange, sorptive properties, and the nature of the mineral surface (e.g., surface reactivity) play important roles in determining the toxicity and carcinogenicity of a particle. Ultimately, a mineral's species (which provides direct information on a mineral's structure and composition) is probably one of the most significant yet most neglected factors that must be considered in studies of toxicity and carcinogenicity.

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Tissue reaction to sericite and shale dusts treated with hydrochloric acid: An experimental investigation on the lungs of rats

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Mica pneumoconiosis--a literature review.

Mica pneumoconiosis--a literature review.

The Action of Different Forms of Pure Silica on the Lungs of Rats

Mineral Properties and Their Contributions to Particle Toxicity

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