Tissue parameters determining the visual appearance of normal skin and port-wine stains

Svaasand, Lars O.; Norvang, L. T.; Fiskerstrand, Elisanne Janne; Stopps, E. K. S.; Berns, Michael W.; Nelson, J. Stuart

doi:10.1007/bf02133165

Cited by 149 publications

(223 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This is in agreement with previous biopsy [3,4] and simulation [26,40] studies. As a result, any combination of these three vessel parameters, for a fixed epidermis, creates a unique spectral reflectance curve.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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A new Monte Carlo program for simulating light transport through Port Wine Stain skin

2013

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A new Monte Carlo programme is presented for simulating light transport through clinically normal skin and skin that has Port Wine Stains (PWS) vessels. The program consists of an eight layer mathematical skin model constructed from optical coefficients described previously.A simulation including diffuse illumination at the surface and subsequent light transport through the model is carried out using a Radiative Transfer Theory (RTT) ray-tracing technique. Total reflectance values over 39 wavelengths are scored by the addition of simulated light returning to the surface within a specified region and surface reflections (calculated using Fresnel's equations). These reflectance values are compared to measurements from individual participants and characteristics of the model are adjusted until adequate agreement is produced between simulated and measured skin reflectance curves.The absorption and scattering coefficients of the epidermis are adjusted through changes in the simulated concentrations and mean diameters of epidermal melanosomes to reproduce non-lesional skin colour. Pseudo-cylindrical horizontal vessels are added to the skin model and their simulated mean depths, diameters and number densities are adjusted to reproduce measured PWS skin colour.Accurate reproductions of colour measurement data are produced by the program, resulting in realistic predictions of melanin and PWS blood vessel parameters. Using a modest personal computer, the simulation currently requires an average of five and a half days to complete.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The anisotropy factors applied in this model were those introduced by van Gemert et al [21], and which have been used widely [19,[22][23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Skin Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new Monte Carlo program for simulating light transport through Port Wine Stain skin

2013

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“…34,35 With these instruments, preoperative knowledge of skin characteristics such as epidermal thickness and melanin content; blood vessel depth, size, flow, and distribution; and skin optical properties can be achieved. van Gemert et al 36 provided a review of these instruments.…”

Section: Limitations Of Pws Treatment and Topics For Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description and Analysis of Treatments for Port-wine Stain Birthmarks

Kelly

Choi

McFarlane

et al. 2005

Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery

118

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“…In this study, in contrast, a plane wave source is assumed, which is a suitable model when the dimension of the homogeneously irradiated area on the surface of the tissue is large in comparison with the depth to which the light penetrates into the skin. While the necessary size of the irradiated area naturally puts a strong limit to the spatial resolution in the lateral direction, such measurements are less susceptible to local variations in the tissue, and thus yield more precise global values, as was shown in previous work with steady-state measurements (Svaasand et al 1995, Spott et al 1997. The mathematical formalism used here is a straightforward extension of the steady-state model into the frequency domain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Reflectance measurements of layered media with diffuse photon-density waves: a potential tool for evaluating deep burns and subcutaneous lesions

et al. 1999

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Abstract. The basic principles of a non-contact, near-infrared technique for the mapping of layered tissues are discussed theoretically and verified experimentally. The propagation properties of diffuse photon-density waves in tissues depend on the optical properties of the tissue. When a layered medium is irradiated by amplitude modulated light, the difference in optical properties between the layers is evident in the phase and amplitude of the diffuse reflection coefficient, which is a result of the interference of the partial waves propagating in the different layers. Thus, diffuse photon-density waves are applicable to the analysis of the structure of layered tissue. The probing depth is determined by the modulation frequency of the incident light. For modulation frequencies between several hundred megahertz and a few gigahertz, this allows us to analyse the properties of muscle tissue of up to 4-8 mm below the surface. Experimental results based on chicken breast muscle are given. As an example, the technique might be of use for evaluating the depth of necrosis and the blood volume fraction in deep burns.

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Tissue parameters determining the visual appearance of normal skin and port-wine stains

Cited by 149 publications

References 13 publications

A new Monte Carlo program for simulating light transport through Port Wine Stain skin

A new Monte Carlo program for simulating light transport through Port Wine Stain skin

Description and Analysis of Treatments for Port-wine Stain Birthmarks

Reflectance measurements of layered media with diffuse photon-density waves: a potential tool for evaluating deep burns and subcutaneous lesions

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