Tissue Matrices for Soft Tissue and Mucosal Augmentation and Replacement

Abstract

Facial plastic surgery frequently involves the replacement or augmentation of facial soft tissue and mucosal surfaces. Material and technique advancements in this area are frequent. Surgeons must remain knowledgeable to provide patients with services that best meet individual needs. We review the concepts that guide this decision process and discuss a variety of materials: old, new, and investigational. A greater understanding of the options available, with their inherent risks and benefits, increases the surgeon's ability to communicate and guide patients in their decision-making process. New materials will continue to be developed and play a role as the search for the optimal replacement of soft tissue and mucosa continues.

The expression and production of vascular endothelial growth factor in oral mucosa equivalents

“…Skin and oral mucosa substitutes for enhancing the healing of wounds have been clinically applied 10,25 in treatments for burns, chronic ulcers and reconstructive procedures. Angiogenesis is essential for the grafting of these avascular substitutes.…”

Injectable Biomaterials for Regenerating Complex Craniofacial Tissues

“…Isolagen® (from Isolagen Technologies, USA) is a product currently in Phase 3 clinical trials within the United States where it is being investigated for the treatment of wrinkles. [54] The process involves harvesting skin from the post-auricular region using a 3 mm biopsy punch, and sending the specimen to the manufacturer to isolate and culture dermal fibroblasts. 4–6 weeks later, an autologous expanded explant is ready for use as an injectable dermal filler.…”