Tissue localization of phenolic compounds in plants by confocal laser scanning microscopy

Hutzler, Peter; Fischbach, Robert J.; Heller, Werner; Jungblut, Tim P.; Reuber, Sebastian; Schmitz, R.; Veit, Markus; Weissenböck, Gottfried; Schnitzler, Jörg‐Peter

doi:10.1093/jxb/49.323.953

Cited by 305 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The exclusive localization of G1 to nuclei was surprising, although free or substituted flavanols or flavonols have been localized to plant nuclei (41)(42)(43), and CHS and CHI localize to nuclei in several different cell types of Arabidopsis (44). The significance of the almost exclusive presence of coumestrol and 4Ј,7-dihydroxyflavone aglycones in Medicago root nuclei is likewise not yet clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different mechanisms for phytoalexin induction by pathogen and wound signals in Medicago truncatula

Naoumkina

Farag

Sumner

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

169

157

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Cell suspensions of the model legume Medicago truncatula accumulated the isoflavonoid phytoalexin medicarpin in response to yeast elicitor or methyl jasmonate (MJ), accompanied by decreased levels of isoflavone glycosides in MJ-treated cells. DNA microarray analysis revealed rapid, massive induction of early (iso)flavonoid pathway gene transcripts in response to yeast elicitor, but not MJ, and differential induction by the two elicitors of sets of genes encoding transcription factors, ABC transporters, and ␤-glucosidases. In contrast, both elicitors induced genes encoding enzymes for conversion of the isoflavone formononetin to medicarpin. Four MJ-induced ␤-glucosidases were expressed as recombinant enzymes in yeast, and three were active with isoflavone glucosides. The most highly induced ␤-glucosidase was nuclear localized and preferred flavones to isoflavones. The results indicate that the genetic and biochemical mechanisms underlying accumulation of medicarpin differ depending on the nature of the stimulus and suggest a role for MJ as a signal for rapid hydrolysis of preformed, conjugated intermediates for antimicrobial biosynthesis during wound responses.glucosidase ͉ methyl jasmonate ͉ phytoanticipin ͉ cell culture ͉ elicitation

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different mechanisms for phytoalexin induction by pathogen and wound signals in Medicago truncatula

Naoumkina

Farag

Sumner

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

169

157

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“…It is known that different types of phenolic compounds, such as hydroxycinnamic acids, stilbenes and coumarins, are strongly fluorescent when irradiated with UV or blue light 32 . This enables the observation of the presence and redistribution of lignin on or along the pretreated fibers using CLM 33 .…”

Section: Confocal Laser Microscopy (Clm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical and Microstructural Changes in Eucalyptus Globulus Fibers Subjected to Four Different Pretreatments and Their Influence on the Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Troncoso¹,

Castillo²,

Valenzuela³

et al. 2017

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

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In order to understand the relation between chemical composition, microscopic structure and enzymatic digestibility, different Eucalyptus globulus wood pretreated samples were examined. Pretreated materials obtained by steam explosion and autohydrolysis were compared with those obtained by organosolv and kraft processes. Chemical analyses of pretreated materials showed a decrease in the content of xylans, except in the kraft pulp. FT-IR spectra showed that the residual lignin in autohydrolysis pulp had experienced greater changes compared to those in steam explosion and organosolv pulps, whereas minor changes in lignin kraft pulp were observed. The fiber morphology indicated that autohydrolysis pretreatment was the most aggressive treatment. Reduction in the content of lignin and its redistribution on the fiber wall were confirmed through confocal laser microscopy. The formation of discrete lignin droplets deposited on the surface of the fibers was observed in all pretreatments, with a higher frequency in organosolv followed by steam explosion. A significant increase in enzymatic accessibility was achieved in organosolv, autohydrolysis and steam explosion pulps, due to xylans removal combined with lignin redistribution. Homogeneous lignin distribution and higher xylan content may be related to the low enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency in kraft pulp.

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“…To our knowledge, only two reports exist that indicate other phenolic compounds-flavonol-sulfate (Grandmaison and Ibrahim 1996) and flavonoids (Hutzler et al 1998)-can be associated with nuclei. Most importantly, Sarma and Sharma (1999) found an anthocyanin-DNA complex that provides a mutual protection against oxidative damage.…”

Section: Possible Function Of the Nuclear Flavanolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavanol binding of nuclei from tree species

2004

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Light microscopy was used to examine the nuclei of five tree species with respect to the presence of flavanols. Flavanols develop a blue colouration in the presence of a special p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMACA) reagent that enables those nuclei loaded with flavanols to be recognized. Staining of the nuclei was most pronounced in both Tsuga canadensis and Taxus baccata, variable in Metasequoia glyptostroboides, faint in Coffea arabica and minimal in Prunus avium. HPLC analysis showed that the five species contained substantial amounts of different flavanols such as catechin, epicatechin and proanthocyanidins. Quantitatively, total flavanols were quite different among the species. The nuclei themselves, as studied in Tsuga seed wings, were found to contain mainly catechin, much lower amounts of epicatechin and traces of proanthocyanidins. Blue-coloured nuclei located centrally in small cells were often found to maximally occupy up to 90% of a cell's radius, and the surrounding small rim of cytoplasm was visibly free of flavanols. A survey of 34 gymnosperm and angiosperm species indicated that the first group has much higher nuclear binding capacities for flavanols than the second group.

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Tissue localization of phenolic compounds in plants by confocal laser scanning microscopy

Cited by 305 publications

References 28 publications

Different mechanisms for phytoalexin induction by pathogen and wound signals in Medicago truncatula

Different mechanisms for phytoalexin induction by pathogen and wound signals in Medicago truncatula

Chemical and Microstructural Changes in Eucalyptus Globulus Fibers Subjected to Four Different Pretreatments and Their Influence on the Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Flavanol binding of nuclei from tree species

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