Tissue-Level Mechanical Properties of Bone Contributing to Fracture Risk

Nyman, Jeffry S.; Granke, Mathilde; Singleton, Robert C.; Pharr, George M.

doi:10.1007/s11914-016-0314-3

Cited by 55 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…All other techniques from X‐ray imaging and ultrasound to magnetic resonance imaging with finite element analysis provide surrogates of fracture resistance. While these surrogates related to bone mass, cortical structure, trabecular architecture, structural strength, and mineral density are significantly different between osteoporotic and otherwise healthy bone, they do not unequivocally predict fracture risk . IMI may help with fracture risk assessment as it provides a unique tissue characteristic related to the mechanical resistance of cortical bone to high‐rate indentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in sensitivity to microstructure between cyclic- and impact-based microindentation of human cortical bone

et al. 2016

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Unlike the known relationships between traditional mechanical properties and microstructural features of bone, the factors that influence the mechanical resistance of bone to cyclic reference point microindention (cRPI) and impact microindention (IMI) have yet to be identified. To determine whether cRPI and IMI properties depend on microstructure, we indented the tibia mid-shaft, the distal radius, and the proximal humerus from 10 elderly donors using the BioDent and OsteoProbe (neighboring sites). As the only output measure of IMI, bone material strength index (BMSi) was significantly different across all 3 anatomical sites being highest for the tibia mid-shaft and lowest for the proximal humerus. Total indentation distance (inverse of BMSi) was higher for the proximal humerus than for the tibia mid-shaft but was not different between other anatomical comparisons. As a possible explanation for the differences in BMSi, pore water, as determined by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, was lowest for the tibia and highest for the humerus. Moreover, the local intra-cortical porosity, as determined by micro-computed tomography, was negatively correlated with BMSi for both arm bones. BMSi was however positively correlated with peak bending stress of cortical bone extracted from the tibia mid-shaft. Microstructural correlations with cRPI properties were not significant for any of the bones. The one exception was that average energy dissipated during cRPI was negatively correlated with local tissue mineral density in the tibia mid-shaft. With higher indentation force and larger tip diameter than cRPI, only IMI appears to be sensitive to the underlying porosity of cortical bone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in sensitivity to microstructure between cyclic- and impact-based microindentation of human cortical bone

et al. 2016

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“…In case-control studies to identify significant associations between tissue composition by spectroscopy and fracture risk, a clear understanding of how spectroscopic measurements relate to fracture resistance has also not yet emerged 19,20 . As an example, one study reported higher carbonate-to-phosphate ratio, as determined by RS, in the cortex of iliac crest biopsies from fracture cases compared to non-fracture controls (age-matched women) 21 , while in another iliac biopsy study matching both age and areal bone mineral density between the cases, the carbonate-to-phosphate ratio of the cortex, as determined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging, was significantly lower for women with fractures than for women without fractures 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Full Spectrum Analysis to a Raman Spectroscopic Assessment of Fracture Toughness of Human Cortical Bone

et al. 2017

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A decline in the inherent quality of bone tissue is a contributor to the age-related increase in fracture risk. Although this is well known, the important biochemical factors of bone quality have yet to be identified using Raman spectroscopy (RS), a non-destructive, inelastic light scattering technique. To identify potential RS predictors of fracture risk, we applied principal component analysis (PCA) to 558 Raman spectra (370 cm−1 – 1720 cm−1) of human cortical bone acquired from 62 female and male donors (9 spectra each) spanning adulthood (21 – 101 yo). Spectra were analyzed prior to R-curve, non-linear fracture mechanics that delineates crack initiation (Kinit) from crack growth toughness (Kgrow). The traditional ν1Phosphate peak per Amide I peak (mineral-to-matrix ratio) weakly correlated with Kinit (r = 0.341, p =0.0067) and overall crack growth toughness (J-int: r = 0.331, p =0.0086). Sub-peak ratios of the Amide I band that are related to the secondary structure of type 1 collagen did not correlate with the fracture toughness properties. In the full spectrum analysis, one principal component (PC5) correlated with all of the mechanical properties (Kinit: r = −0.467, Kgrow: r = −0.375, and J-int: r = −0.428; p < 0.0067). More importantly, when known predictors of fracture toughness, namely age and/or volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), were included in general linear models as covariates, several principal components helped explain 45.0% (PC5) to 48.5% (PC7), 31.4% (PC6), and 25.8% (PC7) of the variance in Kinit, Kgrow, and J-int, respectively. Deriving spectral features from full spectrum analysis may improve the ability of RS, a clinically viable technology, to assess fracture risk.

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“…However, AGEs were shown not to affect the stiffness of the bone at the apparent-level although it increased the stiffness of individual trabeculae (Tang et al, 2007). Bone tissue mechanical properties, however, are highly related to tissue age instead of the donor age (Nyman et al, 2016;Ojanen et al, 2015). Using finite element (FE) modeling, material properties have been incorporated to 3D bone structure, as imaged using µCT, to predict apparent-level mechanical response of bone (Chen et al, 2017;Hambli, 2013;Müller and Rüegsegger, 1995;Sandino et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue viscoelasticity is related to tissue composition but may not fully predict the apparent-level viscoelasticity in human trabecular bone – An experimental and finite element study

Ojanen

Tanska

Malo

et al. 2017

Journal of Biomechanics

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Trabecular bone is viscoelastic under dynamic loading. However, it is unclear how tissue viscoelasticity controls viscoelasticity at the apparent-level. In this study, viscoelasticity of cylindrical human trabecular bone samples (n=11, male, age 18-78 years) from 11 proximal femurs were characterized using dynamic and stress-relaxation testing at the apparent-level and with creep nanoindentation at the tissue-level. In addition, bone tissue elasticity was determined using scanning acoustic microscope (SAM). Tissue composition and collagen crosslinks were assessed using Raman micro-spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. Values of material parameters were obtained from finite element (FE) models by optimizing tissue-level creep and apparent-level stress-relaxation to experimental nanoindentation and unconfined compression testing values, respectively, utilizing the second order Prony series to depict viscoelasticity. FE simulations showed that tissue-level equilibrium elastic modulus (E) increased with increasing crystallinity (r=0.730, p=.011) while at the apparent-level it increased with increasing hydroxylysyl pyridinoline content (r=0.718, p=.019). In addition, the normalized shear modulus g (r=-0.780, p=.005) decreased with increasing collagen ratio (amide III/CH) at the tissue-level, but increased (r=0.696, p=.025) with increasing collagen ratio at the apparent-level. No significant relations were found between the measured or simulated viscoelastic parameters at the tissue- and apparent-levels nor were the parameters related to tissue elasticity determined with SAM. However, only E, g and relaxation time τ from simulated viscoelastic values were statistically different between tissue- and apparent-levels (p<.01). These findings indicate that bone tissue viscoelasticity is affected by tissue composition but may not fully predict the macroscale viscoelasticity in human trabecular bone.

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Tissue-Level Mechanical Properties of Bone Contributing to Fracture Risk

Cited by 55 publications

References 98 publications

Differences in sensitivity to microstructure between cyclic- and impact-based microindentation of human cortical bone

Differences in sensitivity to microstructure between cyclic- and impact-based microindentation of human cortical bone

Applying Full Spectrum Analysis to a Raman Spectroscopic Assessment of Fracture Toughness of Human Cortical Bone

Tissue viscoelasticity is related to tissue composition but may not fully predict the apparent-level viscoelasticity in human trabecular bone – An experimental and finite element study

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