Tissue interactions with nonionizing electromagnetic fields.

Adey, W. R.

doi:10.1152/physrev.1981.61.2.435

Cited by 586 publications

(215 citation statements)

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“…A new branch of science grew from the ideas of SzentGyörgyi, bioelectromagnetism. There is a tremendous literature studying the ultraweak electromagnetic radiation from cells, the biophotons (Popp, Li and Gu, 1992;Bischof, 1995) and bioelectromagnetism (Adey, 1981;Becker, Selden, 1985;Oldfield, Coghill, 1988;Popp et al, 1989;Best, 1989, Smith, 1995).…”

Section: The Levels Of the Mindmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physics of collective consciousness

Grandpierre¹

1997

World Futures

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Section: The Levels Of the Mindmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physics of collective consciousness

Grandpierre¹

1997

World Futures

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“…They were thinking solely of mechanical interaction with a large molecule and not of the large hydration energy tied up in protein and DNA structures that could be released by small changes in charge [3]. Of the biologists who accepted such results [4], most thought that the EMF interaction originated at, and was amplified by, the cell membrane and not with DNA.It is now generally accepted that weak EMF in the power frequency range can activate DNA to synthesize proteins. An EMF reactive sequence in the DNA has been identified [5] and shown to be transferable to other gene promoters [6].…”

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confidence: 99%

Electromagnetic fields stress living cells

2009

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Electromagnetic fields (EMF), in both ELF (extremely low frequency) and radio frequency (RF) ranges, activate the cellular stress response, a protective mechanism that induces the expression of stress response genes, e.g., HSP70, and increased levels of stress proteins, e.g., hsp70. The 20 different stress protein families are evolutionarily conserved and act as 'chaperones' in the cell when they 'help' repair and refold damaged proteins and transport them across cell membranes. Induction of the stress response involves activation of DNA, and despite the large difference in energy between ELF and RF, the same cellular pathways respond in both frequency ranges. Specific DNA sequences on the promoter of the HSP70 stress gene are responsive to EMF, and studies with model biochemical systems suggest that EMF could interact directly with electrons in DNA. While low energy EMF interacts with DNA to induce the stress response, increasing EMF energy in the RF range can lead to breaks in DNA strands. It is clear that in order to protect living cells, EMF safety limits must be changed from the current thermal standard, based on energy, to one based on biological responses that occur long before the threshold for thermal changes. © 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: DNA; Biosynthesis; Electromagnetic fields; ELF; RF Electromagnetic fields (EMF) alter protein synthesisUntil recently, genetic information stored in DNA was considered essentially invulnerable to change as it was passed on from parent to progeny. Mutations, such as those caused by cosmic radiation at the most energetic end of the EM spectrum, were thought to be relatively infrequent. The model of gene regulation was believed to be that the negatively charged DNA was tightly wrapped up in the nucleus with positively charged histones, and that most genes were 'turned off' most of the time. Of course, different regions of the DNA code are being read more or less all the time to replenish essential Abbreviations: EMF, electromagnetic fields; Hz, hertz; ELF, extremely low frequency; RF, radio frequency; MAPK, mitogen activated protein kinase; ERK1\2, extracellular signal regulated kinase; JNK, c-Jun-terminal kinase p38MAPK; SAPK, stress activated protein kinase; NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase; ROS, reactive oxygen species.* Corresponding author at: Department of Physiology, Columbia Univer- proteins that have broken down and those needed during cell division. New insights into the structure and function of DNA have resulted from numerous, well-done laboratory studies. The demonstration that EMF induces gene expression and the synthesis of specific proteins [1,2] generated considerable controversy from power companies, government agencies, physicists, and most recently, cell phone companies. Physicists have insisted that the reported results were not possible because there was not enough energy in the power frequency range (ELF) to activate DNA. They were thinking solely of mechanical interaction with a large molec...

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“…Garip-İnhan, 1 , I. İşal-Tugut, M.T. Kalkan induced cells had a 20% increased differentiation with respect to control cells but in this case heat shock had no effect on percent differentiation with respect to control cells.…”

Section: Effect Of Elf-emf On K562 Cell Differentiation In the Presenmentioning

confidence: 83%