Tissue Integration and Biological Cellular Response of SLM-Manufactured Titanium Scaffolds

Abstract

Background: SLM (Selective Laser Melting)–manufactured Titanium (Ti) scaffolds have a significant value for bone reconstructions in the oral and maxillofacial surgery field. While their mechanical properties and biocompatibility have been analysed, there is still no adequate information regarding tissue integration. Therefore, the aim of this study is a comprehensive systematic assessment of the essential parameters (porosity, pore dimension, surface treatment, shape) required to provide the long-term performance of Ti SLM medical implants. Materials and methods: A systematic literature search was conducted via electronic databases PubMed, Medline and Cochrane, using a selection of relevant search MeSH terms. The literature review was conducted using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA). Results: Within the total of 11 in vitro design studies, 9 in vivo studies, and 4 that had both in vitro and in vivo designs, the results indicated that SLM-generated Ti scaffolds presented no cytotoxicity, their tissue integration being assured by pore dimensions of 400 to 600 µm, high porosity (75–88%), hydroxyapatite or SiO2–TiO2 coating, and bioactive treatment. The shape of the scaffold did not seem to have significant importance. Conclusions: The SLM technique used to fabricate the implants offers exceptional control over the structure of the base. It is anticipated that with this technique, and a better understanding of the physical interaction between the scaffold and bone tissue, porous bases can be tailored to optimize the graft’s integrative and mechanical properties in order to obtain structures able to sustain osseous tissue on Ti.

Initial mechanical conditions within an optimized bone scaffold do not ensure bone regeneration – an in silico analysis

“… 2020 ; Băbţan et al. 2020 ), and ideal porosities ranged from approximately 70 to 90% in various studies (Shah et al. 2016 ; Băbţan et al.…”

“…Our results are in agreement with experimental data: pores bigger than ca. 300 μm were shown to achieve good bone regeneration outcome (Zadpoor 2015;Abbasi et al 2020;Băbţan et al 2020), and ideal porosities ranged from approximately 70 to 90% in various studies (Shah et al 2016;Băbţan et al 2020;Zheng et al 2020).…”

Casting over Metal Method Used in Manufacturing Hybrid Cobalt-Chromium Dental Prosthetic Frameworks Assembles

“…Several authors reported that the crown marginal gap should not exceed 120 µm for clinical acceptance [17][18][19]. Comparative studies showed different results for the same material used for the manufacturing of different frameworks in terms of design, shapes, and size [20,21].…”

“…Comparative studies reported different results regarding the use of the same material [20] for the fabrication of frameworks with various designs, shapes, and lengths [21,22]. The geometric discrepancies of frameworks fabricated using machining process were influenced by the accuracy in sintering contraction of pre-sintered alloys [23].…”