Tissue Engineering Strategies for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Yin, Li; Ma, Zhen; Ren, Yanling; Lu, Dezhi; Li, Tao; Li, Wentao; Wang, Jinwu; Ma, Hui; Zhao, Jie

doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.768267

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…The axon regrowth depends on the synthesis and transportation of the intracellular substances. The regeneration speed is therefore about 1–3 mm/day ( 16 , 17 ). Before that, Wallerian degeneration of the facial nerve distal to the lesion site has to take place.…”

Section: Facial or Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Lesion And Time Course O...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selective Electrical Surface Stimulation to Support Functional Recovery in the Early Phase After Unilateral Acute Facial Nerve or Vocal Fold Paralysis

et al. 2022

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This article addresses the potential clinical value of surface electrical stimulation in the acute phase of denervation after the onset of facial nerve or recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. These two nerve lesions are the most frequent head and neck nerve lesions. In this review, we will work out several similarities concerning the pathophysiology features and the clinical scenario between both nerve lesions, which allow to develop some general rules for surface electrical stimulation applicable for both nerve lesions. The focus is on electrical stimulation in the phase between denervation and reinnervation of the target muscles. The aim of electrostimulation in this phase of denervation is to bridge the time until reinnervation is complete and to maintain facial or laryngeal function. In this phase, electrostimulation has to stimulate directly the denervated muscles, i.e. muscle stimulation and not nerve stimulation. There is preliminary data that early electrostimulation might also improve the functional outcome. Because there are still caveats against the use of electrostimulation, the neurophysiology of denervated facial and laryngeal muscles in comparison to innervated muscles is explained in detail. This is necessary to understand why the negative results published in several studies that used stimulation parameters are not suitable for denervated muscle fibers. Juxtaposed are studies using parameters adapted for the stimulation of denervated facial or laryngeal muscles. These studies used standardized outcome measure and show that an effective and tolerable electrostimulation of facial and laryngeal muscles without side effects in the early phase after onset of the lesions is feasible, does not hinder nerve regeneration and might even be able to improve the functional outcome. This has now to be proven in larger controlled trials. In our view, surface electrical stimulation has an unexploited potential to enrich the early therapy concepts for patients with unilateral facial or vocal fold paralysis.

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Section: Facial or Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Lesion And Time Course O...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of denervation and reinnervation on the facial muscles, muscle volume and muscle contractibility are unknown. A denervated muscle progressively loses its ability to become reinnervated ( 17 , 20 ). The process of muscle atrophy seems to be very variable ( 21 ).…”

Section: Facial or Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Lesion And Time Course O...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Electrical Surface Stimulation to Support Functional Recovery in the Early Phase After Unilateral Acute Facial Nerve or Vocal Fold Paralysis

et al. 2022

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“…When the distal end is collapsed, Schwann cells are involved in removing the necrotic axon and myelin debris along with other nerve cells, and the proximal new Schwann cells are arranged into cords in the endoneurial channel, called the Büngner band, which guides axon extension to reach the distal end. 100–102 Activated Schwann cells secrete neurotrophic factors, such as NGF, BDNF and GDNF, and also express GDNF receptors, NGF receptors and the low-affinity receptor p75 103 to anchor neurotrophic factors in the Büngner band, and thus promote axon regeneration and elongation within the Büngner band. Furthermore, Schwann cells also secrete extracellular matrices, such as laminin, fibronectin and collagen, to promote axon attachment and growth.…”

Section: Role Of Electroactive Materials In Peripheral Nerve Repairmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of electroactive materials on nerve cell behaviors and applications in peripheral nerve repair

Wang

et al. 2022

Biomater. Sci.

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“…However, the role of TGF-β in NGCs is rather neglected. It has seldom been included in the currently available design of NGCs, unlike other factors such as IL-4, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and GDNF (reviewed by Li et al, 2021 ). This is probably because its application has some problems that remain to be solved.…”

Section: Conclusion and Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Transforming Growth Factor Beta in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms

Wei

Zhan

et al. 2022

Front. Neurosci.

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Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is one of the most common concerns in trauma patients. Despite significant advances in repair surgeries, the outcome can still be unsatisfactory, resulting in morbidities such as loss of sensory or motor function and reduced quality of life. This highlights the need for more supportive strategies for nerve regrowth and adequate recovery. Multifunctional cytokine transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is essential for the development of the nervous system and is known for its neuroprotective functions. Accumulating evidence indicates its involvement in multiple cellular and molecular responses that are critical to peripheral nerve repair. Following PNI, TGF-β is released at the site of injury where it can initiate a series of phenotypic changes in Schwann cells (SCs), modulate immune cells, activate neuronal intrinsic growth capacity, and regulate blood nerve barrier (BNB) permeability, thus enhancing the regeneration of the nerves. Notably, TGF-β has already been applied experimentally in the treatment of PNI. These treatments with encouraging outcomes further demonstrate its regeneration-promoting capacity. Herein, we review the possible roles of TGF-β in peripheral nerve regeneration and discuss the underlying mechanisms, thus providing new cues for better treatment of PNI.

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Tissue Engineering Strategies for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Cited by 38 publications

References 84 publications

Selective Electrical Surface Stimulation to Support Functional Recovery in the Early Phase After Unilateral Acute Facial Nerve or Vocal Fold Paralysis

Selective Electrical Surface Stimulation to Support Functional Recovery in the Early Phase After Unilateral Acute Facial Nerve or Vocal Fold Paralysis

Effects of electroactive materials on nerve cell behaviors and applications in peripheral nerve repair

Role of Transforming Growth Factor Beta in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms

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