Tissue engineering: From research to dental clinics

Abstract

Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that combines the principles of engineering, material and biological sciences toward the development of therapeutic strategies and biological substitutes that restore, maintain, replace or improve biological functions. The association of biomaterials, stem cells, growth and differentiation factors have yielded the development of new treatment opportunities in most of the biomedical areas, including Dentistry. The objective of this paper is to present the principles underlying tissue engineering and the current scenario, the challenges and the perspectives of this area in Dentistry. Significance The growth of tissue engineering as a research field have provided a novel set of therapeutic strategies for biomedical applications. The emerging knowledge arisen from studies in the dental area may translate into new methods for caring or improving the alternatives used to treat patients in the daily clinic.

Dental kök hücrelerin rejeneratif medikal tedavideki yeri

“…[55][56][57] Günümüzde dental kaynaklı kök hücreler elde edildikleri dental dokuya göre aşağıdaki şekilde sıralanmaktadır: Daimi dişlerin pul- Doku mühendisliğinin temel prensibi, kök hücre süs-pansiyonlarının, uygun taşıyıcılar (kollajen, kalsiyum fosfat, glikolik asit, rezorbe olabilen polimerler gibi) kullanılarak immün süpresif konağa transplante edilmesi ve uygun vaskülarizasyon sağlanarak doku rejenerasyonu sağlanmasıdır. 58 Elde edilen dokunun çevre dokuyla bütünüyle entegre olmuş, tüm yapısal ve biyolojik fonksiyonları göstermesi gereklidir. Biyomateryallerin kullanımıyla gerçekleştirilmeye çalışılan kemik rejenerasyonu ve periodontal rejenerasyon, limitli biyofonksiyonel kapasiteye sahip ve tam anlamıyla bir rejenerasyondan çok tamir dokusunu da içeren yeni doku formasyonu şeklindedir.…”

Graphene and graphene oxide as nanomaterials for medicine and biology application

“…One of the most commonly used strategies is the use of grafts, as spontaneous regeneration is not always feasible. Due to the high cost of grafting [110] and some of the disadvantages like lack of viable cells, the risk of immunogenicity and infection transmission, synthetic bone substitutes based on ceramic [111] are used in clinical practice [112]. Graphene and its derivatives, when combined with ceramics, give rise to materials having enhanced mechanical as well as osteogenic properties.…”

Stem Cells and Calcium Phosphate Cement Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration

“…ith an aging population, bone repair and regeneration become a substantial public-health need (Shi et al, 2002;Mao et al, 2006;Mikos et al, 2006;Jiang et al, 2009;Rios et al, 2011;Rosa et al, 2012). Approximately 600,000 bone graft procedures are performed each year in the United States, and about 2.2 million such procedures are performed worldwide annually (Marino and Ziran, 2010).…”