Tissue Engineering: From Biology to Biological Substitutes

Nerem, Robert M.; Sambanis, Athanassios

doi:10.1089/ten.1995.1.3

Cited by 317 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…1,2 Engineered constructs are transplanted to patients to restore or improve the functions of bone tissue. However, such constructs have often failed to produce the desired results because of issues such as the poor biocompatibility and immunogenicity of the biomaterials used, and cell necrosis at the bulk of the scaffold related to deficient oxygen and nutrient diffusion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5][6][7] Oxygen and nutrient supply is a critical issue when creating thick-engineered tissues such as the bone. 1,2 The consequence of this problem is that successful production of tissue-engineered products is virtually limited to thin tissues such as the skin. 7 This scenario illustrates how vascularization is a major hurdle of bone tissue engineering.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Endothelial cells enhance the in vivo bone-forming ability of osteogenic cell sheets

Pirraco

Iwata

Yoshida

et al. 2014

Laboratory Investigation

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Addressing the problem of vascularization is of vital importance when engineering three-dimensional (3D) tissues. Endothelial cells are increasingly used in tissue-engineered constructs to obtain prevascularization and to enhance in vivo neovascularization. Rat bone marrow stromal cells were cultured in thermoresponsive dishes under osteogenic conditions with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to obtain homotypic or heterotypic cell sheets (CSs). Cells were retrieved as sheets from the dishes after incubation at 20 1C. Monoculture osteogenic CSs were stacked on top of homotypic or heterotypic CSs, and subcutaneously implanted in the dorsal flap of nude mice for 7 days. The implants showed mineralized tissue formation under both conditions. Transplanted osteogenic cells were found at the new tissue site, demonstrating CS bone-inductive effect. Perfused vessels, positive for human CD31, confirmed the contribution of HUVECs for the neovascularization of coculture CS constructs. Furthermore, calcium quantification and expression of osteocalcin and osterix genes were higher for the CS constructs, with HUVECs demonstrating the more robust osteogenic potential of these constructs. This work demonstrates the potential of using endothelial cells, combined with osteogenic CSs, to increase the in vivo vascularization of CS-based 3D constructs for bone tissue engineering purposes.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endothelial cells enhance the in vivo bone-forming ability of osteogenic cell sheets

Pirraco

Iwata

Yoshida

et al. 2014

Laboratory Investigation

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“…[1][2][3][4] In the scaffolds, a parameter that is important factor of the scaffolds is constructive property such as surface area, porosity, and the percentage of void space. Pores are necessary for bone regeneration because that they permit for migration and proliferation of osteoblasts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo Bone Regeneration by Using Chitosan Scaffolds with KUSA-A1 Oesteoblast Cells

Lim¹,

Oh²,

Choi³

et al. 2012

Polymer Korea

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For bone regeneration from KUSA-A1 oesteoblast cells (KUSA), chitosan (CS) scaffolds possessing different surface properties, sponge-type (CSS) and nonwoven-type (CSNW), were manufactured. Surface area and pore size of CSNW were larger than those of CSS. On the other hand, the pore volume of CSNW was smaller than that of CSS. Cell attachment evaluation showed CSNW was more adequate then CSS, and this was attributed to the large surface area. For in vivo investigation, KUSA were seeded into CS scaffolds in wells followed by a week of cell culture. Obtained CS scaffolds with KUSA were implanted on the subcutaneous tissue of BALB/C nude mice. After surgery, implanted scaffolds were harvested and assayed by immunological staining. Network stability of CSS was better than that of CSNW, even if CSS scaffolds were destroyed between 4 and 6 weeks. Calcification was observed after 4 and 8 weeks for CSNW and CSS, respectively.

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“…The engineering of living tissues, or tissue engineering, involves the use of living cells, manipulated through their extracellular environment or genetically, to develop biological substitutes for implantation into the body and/or to foster the remodeling of tissue in some other active manner (Nerem and Sambanis, 1995). Tissue substitutes often consist of cells in hydrogel materials, such as collagen, agarose, or calcium alginate, in appropriate threedimensional (3D) configurations that enable cell and construct function and permit handling of the substitute for in vitro manipulations and in vivo implantation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of encapsulated cell systems

Gross

Constantinidis

Sambanis

2007

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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Tissue engineered substitutes consisting of cells in biocompatible materials undergo remodeling with time as a result of cell growth and death processes. With inert matrices that do not directly influence cell growth, remodeling is driven mainly by the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO). Insulinsecreting cell lines encapsulated in alginate-based beads and used as a pancreatic substitute represent such a case. Beads undergo remodeling with time so that an initially homogeneous distribution of cells is eventually replaced by a dense peripheral ring of primarily viable cells, whereas inner cells are mostly necrotic. This paper develops and analyzes a mathematical model of an encapsulated cell system of spherical geometry that tracks the viable and dead cell densities and the concentration of DO within the construct as functions of radial position and time. Model simulations are compared with experimental histology data on cell distribution. Correlations are then developed between the average intrabead DO concentration (AIDO) and the total viable cell number, as well as between AIDO and the radial cell and DO distributions in beads. As AIDO can be measured experimentally by incorporating a perfluorocarbon emulsion in the beads and acquiring 19 F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data, these correlations can be used to track the remodeling that occurs in the construct in vitro and potentially in vivo. The usefulness of mathematical models in describing the dynamic changes that occur in tissue constructs with time, and the value of these models at obtaining additional information on the system when used interactively with experimental measurements, are discussed.

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Tissue Engineering: From Biology to Biological Substitutes

Cited by 317 publications

References 33 publications

Endothelial cells enhance the in vivo bone-forming ability of osteogenic cell sheets

Endothelial cells enhance the in vivo bone-forming ability of osteogenic cell sheets

In vivo Bone Regeneration by Using Chitosan Scaffolds with KUSA-A1 Oesteoblast Cells

Modeling of encapsulated cell systems

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