Tissue Engineering Approaches for Enamel, Dentin, and Pulp Regeneration: An Update

Ahmed, Geraldine M.; Abouauf, Eman A.; AbuBakr, Nermeen; Dörfer, Christof E.; El‐Sayed, Karim M. Fawzy

doi:10.1155/2020/5734539

Cited by 48 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 150 publications

(173 reference statements)

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“…The loss of dental pulp tissue results in loss of tooth vitality. Tissue engineering approaches, including stem cell-mediated functional therapy aimed at regenerating dental pulp, can readily address this issue 96 . Recently, the use of exosomes as tools in regenerative medicine has gained prominence.…”

Section: Exosome-based Therapeutics For Craniofacial and Dental Applimentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging role of exosomes in craniofacial and dental applications

Xing¹,

Han²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Theranostics

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Exosomes, a specific subgroup of extracellular vesicles that are secreted by cells, have been recognized as important mediators of intercellular communication. They participate in a diverse range of physiological and pathological processes. Given the capability of exosomes to carry molecular cargos and transfer bioactive components, exosome-based disease diagnosis and therapeutics have been extensively studied over the past few decades. Herein, we highlight the emerging applications of exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutic agents in the craniofacial and dental field. Moreover, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives of exosomes in clinical applications.

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Section: Exosome-based Therapeutics For Craniofacial and Dental Applimentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging role of exosomes in craniofacial and dental applications

Xing¹,

Han²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Theranostics

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“…Tissue engineering (TE), focusing on the development of artificial organs, engineered tissues, and cell-based therapies, represents a promising innovative approach with the potential to overcome limitations encountered in current therapeutic methods 17 . Until now, extensive research in dental TE has achieved breakthrough innovations in the regeneration of several dental/oral tissues in preclinical models that have been systematically reviewed 18 .…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Briefly, several sources of adult dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), such as dental pulp SCs from permanent (DPSCs), or deciduous (SHED) teeth, SCs from the apical papilla, dental follicle SCs, periodontal ligament SCs (PDLSCs), and orofacial bone marrow MSCs (BMMSCs), among others, have been discovered and extensively studied regarding biological properties 19,20 . It has been shown that different subsets of dental MSCs may be distinguished on the basis of the expression of surface markers 21 and show variable potential to regenerate dental/oral tissues in vitro and in vivo 17 . In contrast to other SC sources representing the gold standard in regenerative medicine, such as the bone marrow-and the adipose tissue-derived MSCs, dental MSCs have been shown to possess functional peculiarities that render them as the cell source of choice for dental TE 22 .…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products–Based Therapies in Regenerative Dentistry: Current Status, Comparison with Global Trends in Medicine, and Future Perspectives

Bakopoulou

2020

Journal of Endodontics

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Introduction: Regenerative medicine offers innovative approaches to restore damaged tissues on the basis of tissue engineering (TE). Although research on advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) has been very active in recent years, the number of licensed products remains surprisingly low and restricted to the treatment of severe, incurable diseases. Methods: This paper provides a critical review of current literature on the regulatory, clinical, and commercial status of ATMP-based therapies in the EU and worldwide and the hurdles to overcome for their broader application in Regenerative Dentistry. Results: Competent authorities have focused on developing regulatory pathways to address unmet patient needs. Oncology represents the dominating field, followed by cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, neurodegenerative, immunologic, and inherited diseases. Yet, the status remains in early development, and scientific, regulatory, and cost-effectiveness issues impose considerable hurdles toward marketing authorization, technology adoption, and patient accessibility. In this context, although regenerative dentistry has achieved breakthrough innovations in TE of several dental/oral tissues in preclinical models, it has hardly harnessed research progress to integrate innovative regenerative treatments into clinical practice. Conclusion: Global demographic changes, which demonstrate a steady increase of the aging population, highlight the societal need for the application of ATMP-based therapies in the treatment of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Although oral diseases, as an integral part of NCDs, are not life-threatening and largely preventable, they sustain high prevalence, with severe burden on economy and quality of life. In this perspective, the urgent request to ultimately translate draining research in dental TE conducted during the last decades into innovative treatments brought safely and cost-effectively into society at large still holds the stage. This review provides an overview of the regulatory, clinical, and commercial status of ATMP-based therapies in the European Union and worldwide and the hurdles to overcome for their broader application in regenerative dentistry.

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“…In recent years, a variety of stem cells have been isolated from oral tissues, such as human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) [ 5 ], stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) [ 6 ], periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) [ 7 ], dental follicle progenitor cells (DFPCs) [ 8 ], and stem/progenitor cells isolated from the human pulp of exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) [ 9 ]. hDPSCs are the most common dental-derived stem cells used in the study of odontogenic differentiation [ 10 ]: they originate from neural crest mesenchymal stem cells and play an important role in pulp regeneration, thanks to their multiple differentiation potential and self-renewal capacity [ 11 , 12 ]. A previous study reported the differentiation of pulp-like tissues in a subcutaneous immunodeficient mouse model, after the implantation of human tooth root segments with 3D-DPSCs [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

circRNA Expression Profile in Dental Pulp Stem Cells during Odontogenic Differentiation

Chen

Yang

Zeng

et al. 2020

Stem Cells International

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Introduction. Odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) is a key step of pulp regeneration. Recent studies showed that circular RNAs (circRNAs) have many biological functions and that competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) is their most common mechanism of action. However, the role of circRNAs in hDPSCs during odontogenesis is still unclear. Methods. Isolated hDPSCs were cultured in essential and odontogenic medium. Total RNA was extracted after 14 days of culture, and then, microarray analysis was performed to measure the differential expressions of circRNAs. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was then performed to validate the microarray results. Based on microarray data from this study and available in the database, a ceRNA network was constructed to investigate the potential function of circRNAs during odontogenesis. In addition, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to investigate the potential correlation between signaling pathways and circRNAs. In addition, qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to explore the function of hsa_circRNA_104101. Results. We found 43 upregulated circRNAs and 144 downregulated circRNAs during the odontogenic differentiation process (fold change>1.5 and <-1.5, respectively; P<0.05). qRT-PCR results were in agreement with the microarray results. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the Wnt signaling pathway and the TGF-β signaling pathway, as well as the other pathways associated with odontogenic differentiation, were correlated to the differentially expressed circRNAs. hsa_circRNA_104101 was proved to promote the odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. Conclusion. This study reported 187 circRNAs that were differentially expressed in hDPSCs during odontogenic differentiation. Bioinformatic analysis of the expression data suggested that circRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks might act as a crucial mechanism for hDPSC odontogenic differentiation, providing a theoretical foundation for the study of pulp regeneration regulation by circRNAs.

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Tissue Engineering Approaches for Enamel, Dentin, and Pulp Regeneration: An Update

Cited by 48 publications

References 150 publications

Emerging role of exosomes in craniofacial and dental applications

Emerging role of exosomes in craniofacial and dental applications

Prospects of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products–Based Therapies in Regenerative Dentistry: Current Status, Comparison with Global Trends in Medicine, and Future Perspectives

circRNA Expression Profile in Dental Pulp Stem Cells during Odontogenic Differentiation

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