Tissue Engineering: An Alternative to Repair Cartilage

Campos, Yaima; Almirall, Amisel; Fuentes, Gastón; Bloem, Hans L.; Kaijzel, Eric L.; Cruz, Luis J.

doi:10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0330

Cited by 50 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 194 publications

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“…4). Healthy articular cartilage specifically has hyaline chondrogenic phenotypes, including ECM rich in type II collagen and proteoglycans (which enable resistance to shear, compressive, and tensile forces), expression of SOX9 and aggrecan, low expression of type I collagen, nuclei in lacunae structures, and low cellular densities relative to ECM 4,72 . The harvested 3D contracted sheets successfully achieve these standard and accepted benchmarks of hyaline-like phenotypes after differentiation: significant type II collagen and proteoglycan content in the ECM, high expression of common hyaline cartilage markers (SOX9, COL2A1, ACAN), low expression of type I collagen with a high COL2A1/COL1A1 ratio, and rounded cell structures with nuclei in lacunae structures at relatively low cellular densities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of hyaline-like cartilage constructs using mesenchymal stem cell sheets

Thorp

Kim

Kondō

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Cell and tissue engineering approaches for articular cartilage regeneration increasingly focus on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as allogeneic cell sources, based on availability and innate chondrogenic potential. Many MSCs exhibit chondrogenic potential as three-dimensional (3D) cultures (i.e. pellets and seeded biomaterial scaffolds) in vitro; however, these constructs present engraftment, biocompatibility, and cell functionality limitations in vivo. Cell sheet technology maintains cell functionality as scaffold-free constructs while enabling direct cell transplantation from in vitro culture to targeted sites in vivo. The present study aims to develop transplantable hyaline-like cartilage constructs by stimulating MSC chondrogenic differentiation as cell sheets. To achieve this goal, 3D MSC sheets are prepared, exploiting spontaneous post-detachment cell sheet contraction, and chondrogenically induced. Results support 3D MSC sheets’ chondrogenic differentiation to hyaline cartilage in vitro via post-contraction cytoskeletal reorganization and structural transformations. These 3D cell sheets’ initial thickness and cellular densities may also modulate MSC-derived chondrocyte hypertrophy in vitro. Furthermore, chondrogenically differentiated cell sheets adhere directly to cartilage surfaces via retention of adhesion molecules while maintaining the cell sheets’ characteristics. Together, these data support the utility of cell sheet technology for fabricating scaffold-free, hyaline-like cartilage constructs from MSCs for future transplantable articular cartilage regeneration therapies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of hyaline-like cartilage constructs using mesenchymal stem cell sheets

Thorp

Kim

Kondō

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…The main components of AC-ECM are Col II and proteoglycans, and Col II accounts for over 80% of the dry weight of AC-ECM. The collagen network is essential in determining the mechanical properties of cartilage, and small amounts of other collagen types (I, III, V, VI, IX, X, and XI) also exist in AC-ECM ( Gannon et al, 2015a , b ; Campos et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2020a ). Col II plays a vital role in the development and maturation of chondrocytes.…”

Section: Articular Cartilage Ecm (Ac-ecm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Response to Biomaterials for Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Key to Remodeling

Liu

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Biomaterials play a core role in cartilage repair and regeneration. The success or failure of an implanted biomaterial is largely dependent on host response following implantation. Host response has been considered to be influenced by numerous factors, such as immune components of materials, cytokines and inflammatory agents induced by implants. Both synthetic and native materials involve immune components, which are also termed as immunogenicity. Generally, the innate and adaptive immune system will be activated and various cytokines and inflammatory agents will be consequently released after biomaterials implantation, and further triggers host response to biomaterials. This will guide the constructive remolding process of damaged tissue. Therefore, biomaterial immunogenicity should be given more attention. Further understanding the specific biological mechanisms of host response to biomaterials and the effects of the host-biomaterial interaction may be beneficial to promote cartilage repair and regeneration. In this review, we summarized the characteristics of the host response to implants and the immunomodulatory properties of varied biomaterial. We hope this review will provide scientists with inspiration in cartilage regeneration by controlling immune components of biomaterials and modulating the immune system.

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“…The latter is based on the use of innovative biomaterials, which act as scaffolds, mimicking a three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment, with or without the use of chondrocytes or mesenchymal stem cells from different sources [7][8][9][10]. Over the past decades, several advances in this field have arisen, based on the innovative techniques used for biomaterial characterization, design and functionalization [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Cell-Free Collagen Type I-Based Scaffold for Articular Cartilage Regeneration in an Orthotopic Rat Model

et al. 2020

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The management of chondral defects represents a big challenge because of the limited self-healing capacity of cartilage. Many approaches in this field obtained partial satisfactory results. Cartilage tissue engineering, combining innovative scaffolds and stem cells from different sources, emerges as a promising strategy for cartilage regeneration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capability of a cell-free collagen I-based scaffold to promote cartilaginous repair after orthotopic implantation in vivo. Articular cartilage lesions (ACL) were created at the femoropatellar groove in rat knees and cell free collagen I-based scaffolds (S) were then implanted into right knee defect for the ACL-S group. No scaffold was implanted for the ACL group. At 4-, 8- and 16-weeks post-transplantation, degrees of cartilage repair were evaluated by morphological, histochemical and gene expression analyses. Histological analysis shows the formation of fibrous tissue, at 4-weeks replaced by a tissue resembling the calcified one at 16-weeks in the ACL group. In the ACL-S group, progressive replacement of the scaffold with the newly formed cartilage-like tissue is shown, as confirmed by Alcian Blue staining. Immunohistochemical and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses display the expression of typical cartilage markers, such as collagen type I and II (ColI and ColII), Aggrecan and Sox9. The results of this study display that the collagen I-based scaffold is highly biocompatible and able to recruit host cells from the surrounding joint tissues to promote cartilaginous repair of articular defects, suggesting its use as a potential approach for cartilage tissue regeneration.

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Tissue Engineering: An Alternative to Repair Cartilage

Cited by 50 publications

References 194 publications

Fabrication of hyaline-like cartilage constructs using mesenchymal stem cell sheets

Fabrication of hyaline-like cartilage constructs using mesenchymal stem cell sheets

Host Response to Biomaterials for Cartilage Tissue Engineering: Key to Remodeling

Evaluation of a Cell-Free Collagen Type I-Based Scaffold for Articular Cartilage Regeneration in an Orthotopic Rat Model

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