Tissue-engineered Maxillofacial Skeletal Defect Reconstruction by 3D Printed Beta-tricalcium phosphate Scaffold Tethered with Growth Factors and Fibrin Glue Implanted Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract

The study aimed to investigate whether a 3D printed beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffold tethered with growth factors and fibrin glue implanted autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells would provide a 3D platform for bone regeneration resulting in new bone formation with plasticity. Twenty 3D printed β-TCP scaffolds, ten scaffolds engrained with osteogenic mesenchymal stem cells with fibrin glue (group A), and ten scaffolds used as a control group with β-TCP scaffold and fibrin glue inoculation only (group B) were included in the study. Cell infiltration, migration, and proliferation of human osteogenic stem cells on the scaffolds were executed under both static and dynamic culture conditions. Each scaffold was examined post culture after repeated changes in the nutrient medium at 2, 4 or 8 weeks and assessed for opacity and formation of any bone-like tissues macroscopic, radiographic, and microscopic evaluation. Significant changes in all the prerequisite parameters compiled with an evaluated difference of significance showing maxillofacial skeletal repair via tissue engineering by β-TCP scaffold and MSCs remains will be the most promising alternative to autologous bone grafts and numerous modalities involving a variety of stem cells, growth factors from platelet-rich fibrin.

Appraisal of the Accuracy and Reliability of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Three-Dimensional Printing for Volumetric Mandibular Condyle Measurements of a Human Condyle

“…Maxillofacial surgery has evolved by 3D printing. The last 30 years have made it possible for surgeons to treat patients more precisely and individually [12,20]. In addition to producing prosthetic devices and patient-specific models for preoperative planning, 3D printing has been utilized to stabilize facial tissues immediately after surgery [2,12,13,21].…”

“…For about the past 10 years of general use, the availability of low-cost 3D printers has revived surgeons' interest in this technology. Applications appear to have become broader, going from simple anatomic models to patient-specific implants, including cutting or drilling guides [11,12] 3D printing of anatomical structures with reliable and accurate volumetric measurements can facilitate the envisioning of deformities and minor asymmetries and enable the clinician to visualize the treatment options with sufficient clarity [11,13]. While proper volume measurement requires 3D pictures, the flatbed scanner only creates two-dimensional images.…”

Preparation of PDA-GO/CS composite scaffold and its effects on the biological properties of human dental pulp stem cells

“…Seed cells are crucial components in bone tissue engineering for repairing bone defects in the oral and maxillofacial region. Currently, research focuses on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs) and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) [ 5 – 9 ]. However, extracting BMSCs from bone marrow inflicts considerable damage to the body and yields a relatively limited quantity of cells [ 10 ].…”