Tissue Engineered Cartilage Integration to Live and Devitalized Cartilage: A Study by Reflectance Mode Confocal Microscopy and Standard Histology

Peretti, Giuseppe M.; Campo-Ruiz, Vanessa; González, Salvador; Randolph, Mark A.; Xu, Jian; Morse, Kenneth R.; Roses, Robert E.; Yaremchuk, Michael J.

doi:10.1080/03008200600809935

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Interestingly, in vitro three-dimensional pellet culture of combinations of 1mm 3 intact pieces of sternal cartilage and freshly isolated sternal chondrocytes from embryonic chicks results in necrosis and apoptosis at the interface between growing neo-cartilage and native intact cartilage (Zhang et al, 2005), consistent with observations for experimental wounding of the same tissue (Walker et al, 2000). Furthermore, integration between cell-seeded matrices and articular cartilage is inhibited relative to unseeded matrices or devitalized articular cartilage (Giurea et al, 2002;Peretti et al, 2006). We have noted similar occurrences with combinations of live and dead neocartilages grown in opposition, arguing that this inhibitory phenomenon is not limited to native cartilages (Redman et al, 2005 Cartilage integration precultured devitalized ovine cartilage slices with isolated chondrocytes then recombined slices with fibrin glue and implanted them into nude mice for up to 42 days (Peretti et al, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Furthermore, integration between cell-seeded matrices and articular cartilage is inhibited relative to unseeded matrices or devitalized articular cartilage (Giurea et al, 2002;Peretti et al, 2006). We have noted similar occurrences with combinations of live and dead neocartilages grown in opposition, arguing that this inhibitory phenomenon is not limited to native cartilages (Redman et al, 2005 Cartilage integration precultured devitalized ovine cartilage slices with isolated chondrocytes then recombined slices with fibrin glue and implanted them into nude mice for up to 42 days (Peretti et al, 1998). Bonding of cartilage slices occurred in all samples that were precultured with chondrocytes prior to implantation but never in the absence of cells.…”

Section: Chondrocyte Cell Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluation of the reasons for failure of integration during cartilage repair. A review

Khan¹,

Gilbert²,

Singhrao³

et al. 2008

eCM

242

221

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Articular cartilage is a challenging tissue to reconstruct or replace principally because of its avascular nature; large chondral lesions in the tissue do not spontaneously heal. Where lesions do penetrate the bony subchondral plate, formation of hematomas and the migration of mesenchymal stem cells provide an inferior and transient fibrocartilagenous replacement for hyaline cartilage. To circumvent the poor intrinsic reparative response of articular cartilage several surgical techniques based on tissue transplantation have emerged. One characteristic shared by intrinsic reparative processes and the new surgical therapies is an apparent lack of lateral integration of repair or graft tissue with the host cartilage that can lead to poor prognosis. Many factors have been cited as impeding cartilage:cartilage integration including; chondrocyte cell death, chondrocyte dedifferentiation, the nature of the collagenous and proteoglycan networks that constitute the extracellular matrix, the type of biomaterial scaffold employed in repair and the origin of the cells used to repopulate the defect or lesion. This review addresses the principal intrinsic and extrinsic factors that impede integration and describe how manipulation of these factors using a host of strategies can positively influence cartilage integration. Keywords IntroductionArticular cartilage is a highly organised avascular and aneural tissue that provides a smooth surface for the movement of articulating bones and transmission of loads (Muir, 1995). Cartilage carries out the latter function by transferring the forces generated by locomotion to the underlying bone. The resident cells of articular cartilage are chondrocytes that are surrounded by an extensive extracellular matrix whose primary constituents are water, aggrecans and type II collagen. Aggrecans are rich in covalently bonded glycosaminoglycans that are hydrophilic and whose electronegative properties resist applied compressive forces. The tensile strength required to constrain the electronegative force generated by the aggrecans is provided by an organised network of crosslinked fibrils principally containing type II collagen. In cross-section articular cartilage displays a pseudostratified appearance composed of three unmineralised layers; the superficial zone with small, dicoidal chondrocytes aligned parallel to the surface, a transitional zone where chondrocytes are rounded with no apparent organisation and the radial/deep zone where large chondrocytes are aligned in columns of 4-6 cells at right-angles to the surface, Figure 1. The fourth layer is the calcified zone where mineralisation is restricted to the interterritorial matrix of chondrocytes. The calcified zone borders and interdigitates with the subchondral bone. Cartilage defects TraumaIn younger patients who have generally suffered trauma to a joint, focal lesions may appear that if untreated may lead to further progressive degeneration over time. Clinically, focal lesions are graded from the appearance of superficial fissure...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Chondrocyte Cell Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the reasons for failure of integration during cartilage repair. A review

Khan¹,

Gilbert²,

Singhrao³

et al. 2008

eCM

242

221

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hybrids and composites between these materials also exist. Since cell-seeded polymers consistently outperform acellular scaffolds in terms of regenerative capacity [101, 147, 148], this section will primarily focus on studies examining the capabilities of scaffolds incorporating cells.…”

Section: Scaffolds For Tissue Engineering the Knee Meniscusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The knee meniscus: Structure–function, pathophysiology, current repair techniques, and prospects for regeneration

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Extensive scientific investigations in recent decades have established the anatomical, biomechanical, and functional importance that the meniscus holds within the knee joint. As a vital part of the joint, it acts to prevent the deterioration and degeneration of articular cartilage, and the onset and development of osteoarthritis. For this reason, research into meniscus repair has been the recipient of particular interest from the orthopedic and bioengineering communities. Current repair techniques are only effective in treating lesions located in the peripheral vascularized region of the meniscus. Healing lesions found in the inner avascular region, which functions under a highly demanding mechanical environment, is considered to be a significant challenge. An adequate treatment approach has yet to be established, though many attempts have been undertaken. The current primary method for treatment is partial meniscectomy, which commonly results in the progressive development of osteoarthritis. This drawback has shifted research interest towards the fields of biomaterials and bioengineering, where it is hoped that meniscal deterioration can be tackled with the help of tissue engineering. So far, different approaches and strategies have contributed to the in vitro generation of meniscus constructs, which are capable of restoring meniscal lesions to some extent, both functionally as well as anatomically. The selection of the appropriate cell source (autologous, allogeneic, or xenogeneic cells, or stem cells) is undoubtedly regarded as key to successful meniscal tissue engineering. Furthermore, a large variation of scaffolds for tissue engineering have been proposed and produced in experimental and clinical studies, although a few problems with these (e.g., byproducts of degradation, stress shielding) have shifted research interest towards new strategies (e.g., scaffoldless approaches, self-assembly). A large number of different chemical (e.g., TGF-β1, C-ABC) and mechanical stimuli (e.g., direct compression, hydrostatic pressure) have also been investigated, both in terms of encouraging functional tissue formation, as well as in differentiating stem cells. Even though the problems accompanying meniscus tissue engineering research are considerable, we are undoubtedly in the dawn of a new era, whereby recent advances in biology, engineering, and medicine are leading to the successful treatment of meniscal lesions.

show abstract

“…In addition, by curing the hydrogel directly at the site of interest, the precursor solution can diffuse into the adjacent tissue, leading to enhanced adhesion of the scaffold to the tissue without requiring glue or sutures. 1 Hydrogels are attractive biomaterials for numerous medical applications-in particular, scaffolds for tissue engineering. 2 Hydrogels are water swellable, yet water insoluble, crosslinked networks that exhibit high water contents and tissue-like elastic properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Encapsulation in Biodegradable Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications

Nicodemus

Bryant²

2008

Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews

1,070

825

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Encapsulating cells in biodegradable hydrogels offers numerous attractive features for tissue engineering, including ease of handling, a highly hydrated tissue-like environment for cell and tissue growth, and the ability to form in vivo. Many properties important to the design of a hydrogel scaffold, such as swelling, mechanical properties, degradation, and diffusion, are closely linked to the crosslinked structure of the hydrogel, which is controlled through a variety of different processing conditions. Degradation may be tuned by incorporating hydrolytically or enzymatically labile segments into the hydrogel or by using natural biopolymers that are susceptible to enzymatic degradation. Because cells are present during the gelation process, the number of suitable chemistries and formulations are limited. In this review, we describe important considerations for designing biodegradable hydrogels for cell encapsulation and highlight recent advances in material design and their applications in tissue engineering.

show abstract

Tissue Engineered Cartilage Integration to Live and Devitalized Cartilage: A Study by Reflectance Mode Confocal Microscopy and Standard Histology

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

Evaluation of the reasons for failure of integration during cartilage repair. A review

Evaluation of the reasons for failure of integration during cartilage repair. A review

The knee meniscus: Structure–function, pathophysiology, current repair techniques, and prospects for regeneration

Cell Encapsulation in Biodegradable Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About