Tissue‐Engineered Bone Functionalized with MoS₂ Nanosheets for Enhanced Repair of Critical‐Size Bone Defect in Rats

Abstract

Tissue-engineered bones have therapeutic potential for critical-size bone defects; however, the production of high quantities of the tissue-engineered bones with osteo-induction ability remains a huge challenge. Hyperthermia has been shown to up-regulate the expression of osteogenesis-related proteins to efficiently to promote bone regeneration. In this study, the authors develop a novel photothermal tissueengineered bone (PTEB) with osteoinduction ability and a biomimetic cellular environment. PTEB is generated by seeding rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMMSCs) in the photothermal MoS 2 -biotin-garose-gelatin scaffold, and then overlaying the scaffold using osteo-induction extracellular matrix (OiECM). The rBMMSCs act as seeding cells, while OiECM provide a biomimetic microenvironment for repairing critical-sized cranial defects in rats. The results show that the PTEB exhibit high biocompatibility and osteo-induction ability under near-infrared (NIR) radiation. Results of in vitro experiments show that PTEB under NIR radiation promote proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rBMMSCs. Furthermore, the PTEB implantation under NIR radiation significantly induces regeneration of bone in critical-size bone defects in rats 12 weeks after implantation. These findings indicate that PTEB has great potential in regenerative medicine and may represent an effective replacement for autografts used commonly in bone tissue engineering.

Intrafibrillar Mineralization and Immunomodulatory for Synergetic Enhancement of Bone Regeneration via Calcium Phosphate Nanocluster Scaffold

“…[8] These properties are attributed to the collagen fibers that are densely mineralized with hydroxyapatite nanoparticle and aligned unidirectionally, forming the basic composite of native bone. [9,10] As such, the biomineralization of collagen is necessary for the unique physiological and mechanical properties of these tissues. Notably, amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) is the precursor phase for bone formation.…”

“…A great number of products (e.g., ions, functional groups, and biomolecules) are released from biomaterials into the microenvironment after the implantation of ACP biomaterials, prompting the body's immune response and triggering a cascade response. [30,31] The exact chemical composition, [32] crystallinity [33] and particle size [10] of the organic-inorganic composite calcium phosphate material will affect the polarization of macrophages, which can result in different effects during tissue repair. Compared with HAP or bone with high crystallinity, the small-sized ACP phase has higher solubility, can act on macrophages faster, and cause a minor inflammatory response.…”

Molybdenum disulfide nanosheet/polyimide composites with improved tribological performances, surface properties, antibacterial effects and osteogenesis for facilitating osseointegration

“…33 The cellular responses to biomaterials mainly depend on the surface characteristics, and a rough surface with hydrophilicity can facilitate cell adhesion, spreading and proliferation. 34 The beneficial adhesion of the cells on the substrate has huge potential for stimulating cell proliferation and differentiation as well as bone regeneration. 35 In this work, the cell adhesion ratio for PM40 was the highest, followed by PM20, and that for PI was the lowest, indicating that the cell adhesion ratio on the composites improved with the increase of MD content.…”

Toward Efficient Cartilage Disease Management with Additive Manufacturing: Monitoring, Cell Culture, and Drug Release

“…Reproduced with permission. [51] Copyright 2021, John Wiley and Sons. e) Fluorescence images of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells implanted on scaffolds for 24 h. Reproduced with permission.…”

“…Shortly thereafter, it will become an effective substitute for autologous grafts in tissue engineering. [51] As shown in Figure 7e, Wang et al designed a hot channel scaffold for substance delivery, which facilitates the infiltration of suspended cells into the scaffold channel and promotes vascular preconditioning. It solved the problem of difficult transportation of nutrients and oxygen previously, improved cell proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation in vitro, effectively accelerated the healing process of bone defects, and greatly shortened the healing cycle of bone defects.…”