Tissue distribution of Ret, GFRalpha-1, GFRalpha-2 and GFRalpha-3 receptors in the human brainstem at fetal, neonatal and adult age

Expression of GDNF receptors GFRα1 and RET is preserved in substantia nigra pars compacta of aging Asian Indians

“…In the brain, various neuronal populations involved in motor function abundantly express both GFRa1 and RET and provide support for GDNF as a target derived neurotrophin for these neurons (Glazner et al, 1998;Quartu et al, 2007). GFRa1 protein is expressed in areas related to motor functions as well as in nonmotor areas rostral to the midbrain (Serra et al, 2005).…”

“…Walker et al (1998) also further emphasized the need for evaluating the expression of both RET and GFRa1 in human tissue. Quartu et al (2007) later described qualitative tissue distribution pattern of all the GDNF receptors in human midbrain through development, adulthood and aging and proposed that during development these receptors assist the organization of distinct brainstem neuronal populations and support their functional activity as well as maintenance in adult life.…”

Local delivery of glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor improves facial nerve regeneration after late repair

“…13 Among the different classes of neurotrophic factors, the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), has been demonstrated to have potent regenerating effects on peripheral nerves. [14][15][16] It increases the number of regenerating nerve fibers, improves their maturity and protects the neural cell bodies. 14,17,18 This has been demonstrated in the sciatic as well as in the facial nerve, with GDNF delivered locally on the site of regeneration via nerve guidance channels during several weeks.…”

Gene profiling of Graffi murine leukemia virus-induced lymphoid leukemias: identification of leukemia markers and Fmn2 as a potential oncogene

“…Our analysis revealed deregulation of the expression of several genes associated with Graffi MuLV-induced B leukemias (Table 1; Figure 1A; supplemental Figure 2). These genes are Fmm2, Arntl2 (from the bHLH-PAS superfamily involved in regulating cell growth and differentiation 26 ), Bfsp2 (a member of the intermediate filament family and component of cytoskeleton proteins in the lens cells, maintaining their morphology and promoting their motility 27 ), Gfra2 (from the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor-␣ family 28 and associated with primary neuroblastomas 29 and with some medullary thyroid carcinoma tumor cells 30 ), and Gmp6a and Gmp6b (members of the myelin proteolipid protein family and neuronal homologues of PLP/DM20 31 ).…”